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Based on what you have read in the text, the lecture, and any
other sources you find helpful to your understanding of
deductive arguments, explain the structure of a deductive
argument in your own words. - Answer: An argument is
deductive if the premises are true and if the reasoning is such
that there is only one possible conclusion
, Go to the box "Deductive Reasoning" (in the beginning of
Chapter 8). Read the last paragraph there. Based on that
reading and any other sources you find helpful to your
understanding, describe the part that "rules, operating
conditions, core beliefs, values, policies, principles, procedures,
and terminology" (p. 159) play in deductive arguments. -
Answer: In an argument, when the reasoning stems from an
operating condition, core belief, value, policy, principle,
procedure, or terminology, that premise will control the
outcome. Meaning, the rule, policy, etc., will completely
determine the conclusion of the argument.
In the introduction to Chapter 8, the text sets forth a specific
definition of the term "valid" as it applies to deductive
arguments. What is that definition? - Answer: Valid applies to
the structure of a deductive argument. If a deductive argument
is "valid", then it is in the proper form.
Invalid means that a deductive argument has a mistake in its
form.