INTRODUCTORY TOPICS IN
PSYCHOLOGY 7182/1 JUNE FINAL
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Body of Sternum.
Answer: nan
◍ False Ribs.
Answer: nan
◍ Floating Ribs.
Answer: nan
◍ What is a voice disorder (dysphonia)?.
Answer: A disturbance in voice production at one or more levels:
respiratory, laryngeal, resonatory, or neural.
◍ What are the main perceptual attributes of voice to assess?.
Answer: Pitch, loudness, and voice quality (breathiness, roughness, strain).
◍ Manubrium.
Answer: nan
◍ Sternum.
Answer: nan
◍ True Ribs.
Answer: nan
◍ Xiphoid Process.
, Answer: nan
◍ How are voice disorders classified by severity?.
Answer: Normophonic (normal), dysphonic (impaired), or aphonic (no
voice).
◍ Who usually refers clients with voice disorders?.
Answer: ENT, neurologist, pulmonologist, or school-based SLP
(screenings).
◍ C1 Atlas.
Answer: nan
◍ C2 Axis.
Answer: nan
◍ Which three subsystems are involved in voice production?.
Answer: Respiratory system, larynx (valving), and resonating chambers of
the vocal tract.
◍ What is the role of the larynx in voice production?.
Answer: Acts as a valve on airflow to create alternating pressure changes
and sound vibration.
◍ Coccyx.
Answer: nan
◍ Why is the vocal tract considered a resonating system?.
Answer: Its size, shape, and flexibility amplify and modify the sound
produced by the vocal folds.
◍ What are the components of the voice evaluation process?.
Answer: Assess voice parameters, determine etiology/perpetuating factors,
and plan intervention.
◍ What case history info is important in voice evaluation?.
Answer: Referral info, client interview, impact ratings, onset/course, daily
voice use, phonotrauma, medical history, functional impacts.
, ◍ Lumbar Vertebra.
Answer: nan
◍ Sacrum.
Answer: nan
◍ Spinous Process.
Answer: nan
◍ Transverse Process.
Answer: nan
◍ Thoracic Vertebra.
Answer: nan
◍ What breathing measures are commonly used in voice assessment?.
Answer: Observation, vital capacity, words/syllables per breath, maximum
phonation time (MPT), S/Z ratio.
◍ Body of Cervical Vertebra.
Answer: nan
◍ Lamina of Cervical Vertebra.
Answer: nan
◍ What is considered abnormal maximum phonation time (MPT)?.
Answer: ≤10 seconds is abnormal; ≤5 seconds likely interferes with daily
activities.
◍ Pedicle of Cervical Vertebra.
Answer: nan
◍ What are the five dimensions of voice assessment?.
Answer: Auditory perceptual, visual perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic,
PROMs.
◍ Spinous Process of Cervical Vertebra.
Answer: nan
◍ Transverse Foramen of Cervical Vertebra.