WRITING MARK SCHEME JUNE
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Define vulnerable populations.
Answer: Populations that experience a convergence of health risks and
exhibit poorer health status
◍ Vulnerable populations include.
Answer: Racial and ethnic minorities, uninsured, groups of low
socioeconomic status
◍ In terms of the health.
Answer: Vulnerability can be defined as the convergence of health risks
◍ What is health?.
Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, & social well-being, not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
◍ Health risks occur along the following dimensions.
Answer: Physicalmentalsocial
◍ Health needs.
Answer: Increase with compounding of risks along multiple dimensions
◍ Health risk characteristics-predisposing characteristics.
Answer: Demographic characteristics, social structure variables, health
beliefs
,◍ Health risk characteristics- enabling characteristics.
Answer: Resources available for the use of service ,Attributes of the
surroundings that effect the availability of healthcare services
◍ What are the measured of physical health?.
Answer: - Life expectancy- Mortality- Morbidity- Disability- Quality of Life
◍ Health risk characteristics- need factors.
Answer: Specific illnesses or health needs that drive the search for
healthcare
◍ Why are targeted policies necessary?.
Answer: Vulnerable populations have greater health needs
◍ What influences vulnerability according to the justification for targeted
policy?.
Answer: Vulnerability is influenced by social forces
◍ How is vulnerability linked with national resources?.
Answer: Vulnerability is fundamentally linked with national resources
◍ What is the relationship between vulnerability and total equity?.
Answer: Vulnerability and total equity cannot coexist
◍ What is the trend in the prevalence of vulnerability in the US?.
Answer: The prevalence of vulnerability in the US is increasing
◍ What percentage of the US population is made up of racial and ethnic
minorities?.
Answer: More than 34 percent
◍ What disparities do racial and ethnic minorities experience in healthcare?.
Answer: Disparities in access to/quality of healthcare and in health status
◍ What are the measured of mental health?.
Answer: - Mental conditions- Behaviors- Perceptions- Satisfaction- Services
received
◍ What are measures of social well-being?.
, Answer: - Socioeconomic status (SES) --> education, income, occupational
status- Quality of life- Social contacts & resources
◍ What are the 2 main goals of public health?.
Answer: 1. The practice of preventing disease & promoting good health
within groups of people.1. Research & surveillance to better understand the
health issues facing a group & in turn to be able to craft good health policy.
◍ Concerns for racial and ethnic minorities- general characteristics: healthcare
access.
Answer: Lack of regular source of care (RSC) as a result of: absence of
health insurance coverage, low family income, language other than English
spoken in the home, disengagement (may not value health as highly)
◍ Concerns for racial and ethnic minorities: healthcare quality.
Answer: More likely to report dissatisfaction with quality of care, More
likely to report dissatisfaction with patient-provider interactions, commonly
perceive discrimination in quality of treatment
◍ Who defined public health in 1920?.
Answer: Winslow --> with a long-winded description.
◍ How does public health differ from population health?.
Answer: Public health deals with factors that more directly impact health
(such as access to clean water & vaccinations etc.)
◍ What is population health?.
Answer: - Seeks to identify less direct factors (determinants of health) &
intervene where possible (poverty, social support & connectivity)
◍ What is the population health model?.
Answer: - Seeks to improve the health of the population by improving the
health of sub-groups within the population.
◍ Concerns for racial and ethnic minorities: health status.
Answer: Health status perception: national children's health survey, cause of
death: high rates of preventable causes of death, health risk behaviors: