NURS 5315 Final Exam With 100%
Correct And Verified Answers 2025
A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per
minute. Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100%
A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating
and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The
patient will most likely experience a respiratory alkalosis and the
two pH values provided are not consistent with this diagnosis.
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and
lethargic. Which pathological process best explains this patient's
symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the
neurons.
d. The action potential has become hypopolarized.
b. The cause of neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium
imbalance is directly related to fluid shifting into or out of the
neurons of the brain. With a serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water
shifts into the neurons and causes them to swell. Hypernatremia
causes water to shift out of the cell into the intravascular space and
causes the neurons to become dehydrated. An alteration in the
action potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which
electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia
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,a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of dehydration. An
elevated serum osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular
space from the intracellular space and cause a rise in serum
potassium.
A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling. The
husband has an autosomal recessive disease and
his wife has a heterozygous genotype for the
disease. They ask you, What is the chance that our
baby will have the disease? Which of the following
answers is correct?
25%
50%
75%
100%
A chromosome is a package of material located
inside the cell nucleus which is made of proteins
and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of
chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46
chromosomes. Chromosomes are separated into
two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This
provides a set of chromosomes to each daughter
cell which results from cell division. This process is
responsible for the transfer of genetic information
to the daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known
as autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is the pair which contains
the genetic information for gender. This pair contains the genetic
information which delineates between the male and female genders.
Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY
chromosome pair. Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous.
This means they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender.
Autosomal genetic diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of
chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only carried on the 23rd pair of
chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly identical to one
another and are considered homologous to one another. Each autosomal
chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These two genes are known
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, as alleles. The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the
chromosome pair and code for the same genetic trait or physiologic
function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be
dominant and the other recessive, or they both may be dominant or both
recessive. The dominant alleles' genetic code will always manifest in the
individual's phenotype. The information in the recessive allele is typically
not expressed in the phenotype unless both alleles are recessive. For the
purpose of clarity in use, the dominant gene is assigned a capital letter
and the recessive gene is assigned a lower case letter. Any letter is okay
to use but make sure you use the same letter for the genotype - for
example, "Bb or aa." The term homozygous refers to a pair of alleles which
are either both dominant or recessive. For example, "BB or bb" are said to
be homozygous because the alleles are either both dominant or recessive.
An allele pair in which one is dominant and one is recessive is said to be
heterozygous. In autosomal recessive disorders both alleles on the
chromosome are affected by the genetic aberration. If only one recessive
gene is affected by the genetic aberration then the person is said to be a
carrier and will not have the phenotypic expression of the disease. The
healthy, recessive allele will compensate for the allele which is affected by
the genetic aberration. The carrier can pass the trait but does not have the
genetic disease. In an autosomal dominant disorder the dominant gene is
the only gene that has to be affected by the genetic aberration in order to
have the phenotypic expression of the disease. A healthy recessive allele
cannot compensate for a diseased dominant allele. In order to answer this
question one must understand the above information and draw a Punnett
Square.
The husband has an autosomal recessive disease which means his
genotype must be aa. The wife has a heterozygous genotype for the
disease which means her genotype is Aa. The capital A reflects a healthy
gene so she is merely a carrier and does not express the disease
phenotype. The father's genotype is written across the top line and the
mother's genotype is written in the boxes to the left. The four boxes in the
middle are the possible genotypes of their offspring. Each box represents
a 25% chance for the offspring to have that particular genotype. The
question asks you to determine the chances the offspring will have the
autosomal recessive disease or in other words, express the phenotype for
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Correct And Verified Answers 2025
A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per
minute. Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100%
A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating
and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The
patient will most likely experience a respiratory alkalosis and the
two pH values provided are not consistent with this diagnosis.
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and
lethargic. Which pathological process best explains this patient's
symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the
neurons.
d. The action potential has become hypopolarized.
b. The cause of neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium
imbalance is directly related to fluid shifting into or out of the
neurons of the brain. With a serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water
shifts into the neurons and causes them to swell. Hypernatremia
causes water to shift out of the cell into the intravascular space and
causes the neurons to become dehydrated. An alteration in the
action potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which
electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia
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,a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of dehydration. An
elevated serum osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular
space from the intracellular space and cause a rise in serum
potassium.
A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling. The
husband has an autosomal recessive disease and
his wife has a heterozygous genotype for the
disease. They ask you, What is the chance that our
baby will have the disease? Which of the following
answers is correct?
25%
50%
75%
100%
A chromosome is a package of material located
inside the cell nucleus which is made of proteins
and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of
chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46
chromosomes. Chromosomes are separated into
two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This
provides a set of chromosomes to each daughter
cell which results from cell division. This process is
responsible for the transfer of genetic information
to the daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known
as autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is the pair which contains
the genetic information for gender. This pair contains the genetic
information which delineates between the male and female genders.
Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY
chromosome pair. Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous.
This means they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender.
Autosomal genetic diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of
chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only carried on the 23rd pair of
chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly identical to one
another and are considered homologous to one another. Each autosomal
chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These two genes are known
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Vendarsol
, as alleles. The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the
chromosome pair and code for the same genetic trait or physiologic
function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be
dominant and the other recessive, or they both may be dominant or both
recessive. The dominant alleles' genetic code will always manifest in the
individual's phenotype. The information in the recessive allele is typically
not expressed in the phenotype unless both alleles are recessive. For the
purpose of clarity in use, the dominant gene is assigned a capital letter
and the recessive gene is assigned a lower case letter. Any letter is okay
to use but make sure you use the same letter for the genotype - for
example, "Bb or aa." The term homozygous refers to a pair of alleles which
are either both dominant or recessive. For example, "BB or bb" are said to
be homozygous because the alleles are either both dominant or recessive.
An allele pair in which one is dominant and one is recessive is said to be
heterozygous. In autosomal recessive disorders both alleles on the
chromosome are affected by the genetic aberration. If only one recessive
gene is affected by the genetic aberration then the person is said to be a
carrier and will not have the phenotypic expression of the disease. The
healthy, recessive allele will compensate for the allele which is affected by
the genetic aberration. The carrier can pass the trait but does not have the
genetic disease. In an autosomal dominant disorder the dominant gene is
the only gene that has to be affected by the genetic aberration in order to
have the phenotypic expression of the disease. A healthy recessive allele
cannot compensate for a diseased dominant allele. In order to answer this
question one must understand the above information and draw a Punnett
Square.
The husband has an autosomal recessive disease which means his
genotype must be aa. The wife has a heterozygous genotype for the
disease which means her genotype is Aa. The capital A reflects a healthy
gene so she is merely a carrier and does not express the disease
phenotype. The father's genotype is written across the top line and the
mother's genotype is written in the boxes to the left. The four boxes in the
middle are the possible genotypes of their offspring. Each box represents
a 25% chance for the offspring to have that particular genotype. The
question asks you to determine the chances the offspring will have the
autosomal recessive disease or in other words, express the phenotype for
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