Exam 1: NSG3280 / NSG 3280 (Latest 2026/
2027 Update) Pathophysiology for Nurses I
Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100%
Correct (Verified Solutions)- Galen
A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls
that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:
a. number
b. size
c. vacuoles
d. lipofuscin - ANSWER B. Size
During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type
of atrophy?
a. Physiologic
b. Pathologic
c. Disuse
d. Neurogenic - ANSWER A. Physiologic
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an
increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is
an:
a. increase in size
b. decrease in length
c. increase in excitability
,d. decrease in number - ANSWER A. Increase in size
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory
disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous
epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of
cellular adaption is called:
a. anaplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. metaplasia
d. dysplasia - ANSWER C. Metaplasia
When planning care for the pregnant patient, the nurse will recall that the
mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of:
a. compensatory hyperplasia
b. hormonal hyperplasia
c. hormonal anaplasia
d. compensatory anaplasia - ANSWER B. Hormonal
hyperplasia
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician
identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular
changes would be referred to as:
a. dysplasia
b. pathologic dysplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. pathologic hyperplas - ANSWER D. Pathologic hyperplasia
,A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis
C. If the cancerous region of his liver is removed, the remaining cells would
undergo:
a. pathologic hyperplasia
b. pathologic metaplasia
c. compensatory hyperplasia
d. compensatory aplasia - ANSWER C. Compensatory
hyperplasia
A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and
organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this type of
change?
a. Metaplasia
b. Atrophy
c. Hypertrophy
d. Dysplasia - ANSWER D. Dyspalsia
A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most
likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:
a. malnutrition
b. free radicals
c. ischemia
d. chemical toxicity - ANSWER C. Ischemia
, A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell
death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the
nurse use to define this process?
a. Adaptation
b. Calcification
c. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis - ANSWER D. Necrosis
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
a. decreased ATP production
b. karyorrhexis
c. ribosome detachment
d. dehydration - ANSWER A. Decreased ATP production
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
a. increased aerobic metabolism
b. failure of DNA
c. reduced protein synthesis
d. increase Na+ - K+ pump function - ANSWER C. Reduced
protein synthesis
A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis
and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury
occurs as a result of:
a. oxidative stress
b. vacuolation
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. lipid acceptor proteins - ANSWER A. Oxidative stress
2027 Update) Pathophysiology for Nurses I
Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100%
Correct (Verified Solutions)- Galen
A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls
that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:
a. number
b. size
c. vacuoles
d. lipofuscin - ANSWER B. Size
During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type
of atrophy?
a. Physiologic
b. Pathologic
c. Disuse
d. Neurogenic - ANSWER A. Physiologic
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an
increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is
an:
a. increase in size
b. decrease in length
c. increase in excitability
,d. decrease in number - ANSWER A. Increase in size
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory
disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous
epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of
cellular adaption is called:
a. anaplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. metaplasia
d. dysplasia - ANSWER C. Metaplasia
When planning care for the pregnant patient, the nurse will recall that the
mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of:
a. compensatory hyperplasia
b. hormonal hyperplasia
c. hormonal anaplasia
d. compensatory anaplasia - ANSWER B. Hormonal
hyperplasia
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician
identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular
changes would be referred to as:
a. dysplasia
b. pathologic dysplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. pathologic hyperplas - ANSWER D. Pathologic hyperplasia
,A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis
C. If the cancerous region of his liver is removed, the remaining cells would
undergo:
a. pathologic hyperplasia
b. pathologic metaplasia
c. compensatory hyperplasia
d. compensatory aplasia - ANSWER C. Compensatory
hyperplasia
A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and
organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this type of
change?
a. Metaplasia
b. Atrophy
c. Hypertrophy
d. Dysplasia - ANSWER D. Dyspalsia
A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most
likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:
a. malnutrition
b. free radicals
c. ischemia
d. chemical toxicity - ANSWER C. Ischemia
, A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell
death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the
nurse use to define this process?
a. Adaptation
b. Calcification
c. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis - ANSWER D. Necrosis
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
a. decreased ATP production
b. karyorrhexis
c. ribosome detachment
d. dehydration - ANSWER A. Decreased ATP production
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
a. increased aerobic metabolism
b. failure of DNA
c. reduced protein synthesis
d. increase Na+ - K+ pump function - ANSWER C. Reduced
protein synthesis
A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis
and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury
occurs as a result of:
a. oxidative stress
b. vacuolation
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. lipid acceptor proteins - ANSWER A. Oxidative stress
