NSG 3600 TEST 4 PEDS QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026
UNIT 8
Neurological and Cognitive Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:
Attention Deficit Disorder (distractibility) with hyperactive component. Very
common.
Signs & Symptoms: Inattention along with behaviors displaying hyperactivity &
impulsivity. Characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder &
behaviors.
Diagnosis: Evaluation by multi-disciplinary team: medical & developmental
histories, physical exam, vision & hearing assessment, & detailed neurologic
evaluation. Psychologic testing identifies intelligence & achievement levels.
Behavioral checklists & adaptive scales measuring social adaptive functioning.
Rule out psychiatric disorders, medical problems & traumatic experiences.
Prevention: Cause & prevention unknown.
Collaborative Care:
Medical: Treatment is 3-pronged:
Pharmacologic therapy: psychostimulants Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine
and amphetamine, Lisdexamfetamine-- are dose titrated; observe for
development of tics & other side effects. Non-stimulant meds added to achieve
optimal therapy. Prescribed dose based on resolution of symptoms & not child’s
weight. Family history important to identify patients who require ECG to detect
arrhythmia or structural heart disease. Requires regular monitoring of health
status, including growth & development parameters, BP, sleep quality, appetite,
nausea & vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, irritability & nervous stimulation.
Behavioral therapy: Focus on prevention of undesired behavior through parent
training on skills & tools. Includes counselling/therapy for pts with anxiety or
depression. Peer group work focuses on social skill development. Family therapy.
Environmental Manipulation: Environment modified to allow child to be
successful: organizational skills, distractions, structure & routine schedules,
including classroom & schoolwork considerations. If identified learning disorder,
special training activities & educational strategies.
Nursing: Educate & assist families long-term to understand treatment plan,
implement therapies, evaluate effectiveness & develop strategies; Liaison with
medical & educational teams, coordinate services, provide support & guidance to
child & family, promote safety for child at high risk for injury.
Family Teaching Guidelines\
Down Syndrome:
,Most common chromosomal abnormality: 47 chromosomes present, usually as
Trisomy of 21st pair: changes development of body & brain
Signs & Symptoms: Poor muscle tone, slanting eyes with epicanthal folds,
hyperflexibility of the joints, flat bridge of nose, short neck with extra folds of
skin, small head, short, low-set
,ears, simian crease, broad feet with increased space between 1st & 2nd toe, small
oral cavity & protruding tongue. Also common in this group: heart defects,
decreased immune function, gastrointestinal anomalies, visual & hearing
difficulties, hypothyroidism, speech difficulties & sleep apnea. Wide variation in
cognitive abilities, behavior, & developmental progress.
Diagnosis: Chromosomal blood test
Collaborative Care:
Nursing Care: Assist new parents with information & resources. Early
intervention with speech therapy, social skills, self-help skills, & occupational &
physical therapies to improve gross & fine motor development.
Family Teaching Guidelines:
Feeding techniques for weak suck & resources.
Autism Spectrum Disorders:
Continuum of disorders involving limitations in social relatedness, verbal &
nonverbal communication, & range of interest & behaviors.
Signs & Symptoms: Impairment in social reciprocity, impaired communication,
restrictive or repetitive behaviors, interests or activities.
Diagnosis: “First Signs” Program
Collaborative Care:
Nursing Care: Early intervention for language development, social competence
training & practice programs. Be aware of child’s physical boundaries & reluctance
to be touched by others.
Family Teaching Guidelines: CDC ALARM acronym as a means of understanding
autism & its treatment.
Endocrine
Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Signs and symptoms (Triad)
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Diagnosis
Blood Glucose
Hemoglobin level (HbA1c)
Prevention
Not preventable
Growth and development
, Collaborative Care
Nursing Care
Child and family monitoring, stabilization, & education
Hypoglycemia
Medical
Blood Glucose Monitoring
Ketone Monitoring
Insulin (Types)
ANSWERS 2026
UNIT 8
Neurological and Cognitive Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:
Attention Deficit Disorder (distractibility) with hyperactive component. Very
common.
Signs & Symptoms: Inattention along with behaviors displaying hyperactivity &
impulsivity. Characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder &
behaviors.
Diagnosis: Evaluation by multi-disciplinary team: medical & developmental
histories, physical exam, vision & hearing assessment, & detailed neurologic
evaluation. Psychologic testing identifies intelligence & achievement levels.
Behavioral checklists & adaptive scales measuring social adaptive functioning.
Rule out psychiatric disorders, medical problems & traumatic experiences.
Prevention: Cause & prevention unknown.
Collaborative Care:
Medical: Treatment is 3-pronged:
Pharmacologic therapy: psychostimulants Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine
and amphetamine, Lisdexamfetamine-- are dose titrated; observe for
development of tics & other side effects. Non-stimulant meds added to achieve
optimal therapy. Prescribed dose based on resolution of symptoms & not child’s
weight. Family history important to identify patients who require ECG to detect
arrhythmia or structural heart disease. Requires regular monitoring of health
status, including growth & development parameters, BP, sleep quality, appetite,
nausea & vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, irritability & nervous stimulation.
Behavioral therapy: Focus on prevention of undesired behavior through parent
training on skills & tools. Includes counselling/therapy for pts with anxiety or
depression. Peer group work focuses on social skill development. Family therapy.
Environmental Manipulation: Environment modified to allow child to be
successful: organizational skills, distractions, structure & routine schedules,
including classroom & schoolwork considerations. If identified learning disorder,
special training activities & educational strategies.
Nursing: Educate & assist families long-term to understand treatment plan,
implement therapies, evaluate effectiveness & develop strategies; Liaison with
medical & educational teams, coordinate services, provide support & guidance to
child & family, promote safety for child at high risk for injury.
Family Teaching Guidelines\
Down Syndrome:
,Most common chromosomal abnormality: 47 chromosomes present, usually as
Trisomy of 21st pair: changes development of body & brain
Signs & Symptoms: Poor muscle tone, slanting eyes with epicanthal folds,
hyperflexibility of the joints, flat bridge of nose, short neck with extra folds of
skin, small head, short, low-set
,ears, simian crease, broad feet with increased space between 1st & 2nd toe, small
oral cavity & protruding tongue. Also common in this group: heart defects,
decreased immune function, gastrointestinal anomalies, visual & hearing
difficulties, hypothyroidism, speech difficulties & sleep apnea. Wide variation in
cognitive abilities, behavior, & developmental progress.
Diagnosis: Chromosomal blood test
Collaborative Care:
Nursing Care: Assist new parents with information & resources. Early
intervention with speech therapy, social skills, self-help skills, & occupational &
physical therapies to improve gross & fine motor development.
Family Teaching Guidelines:
Feeding techniques for weak suck & resources.
Autism Spectrum Disorders:
Continuum of disorders involving limitations in social relatedness, verbal &
nonverbal communication, & range of interest & behaviors.
Signs & Symptoms: Impairment in social reciprocity, impaired communication,
restrictive or repetitive behaviors, interests or activities.
Diagnosis: “First Signs” Program
Collaborative Care:
Nursing Care: Early intervention for language development, social competence
training & practice programs. Be aware of child’s physical boundaries & reluctance
to be touched by others.
Family Teaching Guidelines: CDC ALARM acronym as a means of understanding
autism & its treatment.
Endocrine
Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Signs and symptoms (Triad)
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Diagnosis
Blood Glucose
Hemoglobin level (HbA1c)
Prevention
Not preventable
Growth and development
, Collaborative Care
Nursing Care
Child and family monitoring, stabilization, & education
Hypoglycemia
Medical
Blood Glucose Monitoring
Ketone Monitoring
Insulin (Types)
