FLETC FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT
TRAINING TEST PAPER SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● Graham Factors
Answer: Severity of crime
Whether suspect poses an immediate threat
Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest
Attempting to evade arrest by flight
●● Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v.
Connor that may govern the reasonableness of using force
Answer: # of suspects/# of officers
Size, age, condition of officer/suspect
Duration of action
Whether force applied resulted in injury
Previous violent history known to officer at time
Use of alcohol/drugs
Suspect's mental history known to officer at time
Presence of innocent bystanders
Availability of officer weapons
,●● Range of Reasonableness
Answer: Officer responses range from:
Hesitation---------------Aggressive
●● Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
Answer: Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to shoot an unarmed
non-dangerous fleeing suspect.
●● Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner
Answer: Probable cause
Threat
Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is
occurring
If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of
such action, a reasonable force option may be used
●● Pre-Assault Indicators
Answer: Verbal aggression
Change in posture
Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster
Individual ignores you or stares through you
Aggression
,Hands tighten
Individual becomes rigid
Chin tucked
●● Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy
Answer: Use of warning shots
Use of maximum force
Moving vehicles
Exhausting lesser means of force first
●● Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat
Answer: Pounding heart
Muscle tension
Rapid, shallow breathing
Nausea
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Diminished sound
Tunnel vision
Slow motion time
Memory loss
Memory distortion
, ●● Tunnel Vision
Answer: Loss of peripheral vision
●● Heightened Visual Clarity
Answer: Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not
notice/remember
●● Hearing Distortions
Answer: Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant
●● Time Distortion
Answer: Things seem to speed up or slow down
●● Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat
Answer: Automatic Behavior
Memory Gaps
Intrusive Thoughts
●● Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force
Answer: Mental preparation
Proper Training
TRAINING TEST PAPER SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● Graham Factors
Answer: Severity of crime
Whether suspect poses an immediate threat
Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest
Attempting to evade arrest by flight
●● Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v.
Connor that may govern the reasonableness of using force
Answer: # of suspects/# of officers
Size, age, condition of officer/suspect
Duration of action
Whether force applied resulted in injury
Previous violent history known to officer at time
Use of alcohol/drugs
Suspect's mental history known to officer at time
Presence of innocent bystanders
Availability of officer weapons
,●● Range of Reasonableness
Answer: Officer responses range from:
Hesitation---------------Aggressive
●● Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
Answer: Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to shoot an unarmed
non-dangerous fleeing suspect.
●● Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner
Answer: Probable cause
Threat
Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is
occurring
If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of
such action, a reasonable force option may be used
●● Pre-Assault Indicators
Answer: Verbal aggression
Change in posture
Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster
Individual ignores you or stares through you
Aggression
,Hands tighten
Individual becomes rigid
Chin tucked
●● Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy
Answer: Use of warning shots
Use of maximum force
Moving vehicles
Exhausting lesser means of force first
●● Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat
Answer: Pounding heart
Muscle tension
Rapid, shallow breathing
Nausea
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Diminished sound
Tunnel vision
Slow motion time
Memory loss
Memory distortion
, ●● Tunnel Vision
Answer: Loss of peripheral vision
●● Heightened Visual Clarity
Answer: Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not
notice/remember
●● Hearing Distortions
Answer: Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant
●● Time Distortion
Answer: Things seem to speed up or slow down
●● Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat
Answer: Automatic Behavior
Memory Gaps
Intrusive Thoughts
●● Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force
Answer: Mental preparation
Proper Training
