NR 602 Primary Care of the Childbearing
and Childrearing Family Questions and
Answers 2026/2027 | Complete Study
Guide
Question 1
An 18-month-old presents with 5 days of rhinorrhea, 2 days of cough, fever to
102°F, and difficulty breathing. On exam, the child has intercostal retractions,
nasal flaring, bilateral expiratory wheezing, and crackles in the bases. Oxygen
saturation is 92% on room air. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pneumonia
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Asthma exacerbation
D) Foreign body aspiration
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - Bronchiolitis
Rationale: This presentation is classic for bronchiolitis, a lower respiratory tract
infection最常见 in children under 2 years. Key features include a prodrome of URI
symptoms progressing to lower respiratory involvement, fever, wheezing, crackles,
and signs of respiratory distress (retractions, nasal flaring). RSV is the most
common cause.
Question 2
,What is the most common causative agent of bronchiolitis in children under 2
years?
A) Influenza A
B) Parainfluenza virus
C) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D) Adenovirus
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: C - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rationale: RSV is responsible for approximately 70% of bronchiolitis cases in
young children. Most children will have had an RSV infection by age 2 years.
Question 3
Which diagnostic test would confirm the diagnosis of RSV bronchiolitis?
A) Chest X-ray
B) Rapid RSV antigen test
C) Complete blood count
D) Blood culture
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - Rapid RSV antigen test
Rationale: The rapid RSV antigen test confirms RSV infection. While chest X-ray
may show hyperinflation, it is not required for diagnosis and does not direct
management in typical cases.
Question 4
An 18-month-old with suspected bronchiolitis has an oxygen saturation of
92% on room air. What is the appropriate disposition?
,A) Discharge home with supportive care instructions
B) Admit for observation and supplemental oxygen
C) Prescribe oral antibiotics
D) Administer albuterol nebulizer treatment and discharge
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - Admit for observation and supplemental oxygen
Rationale: Hypoxia (SpO2 <94%) with signs of respiratory distress (retractions,
nasal flaring) warrants hospitalization for supportive care including supplemental
oxygen and IV fluids if needed.
Question 5
Which medication is indicated for the treatment of acute RSV bronchiolitis?
A) Albuterol nebulizer treatments
B) Oral corticosteroids
C) Antibiotics
D) Supportive care only (oxygen, hydration, antipyretics)
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: D - Supportive care only
Rationale: According to AAP guidelines, bronchiolitis treatment is primarily
supportive. Bronchodilators and corticosteroids have not shown consistent benefit
and are not routinely recommended.
Question 6
A parent asks why her 18-month-old with bronchiolitis needs to be
hospitalized. What is the best response?
A) "Your child needs antibiotics, which must be given IV"
B) "Your child has low oxygen levels and is working hard to breathe"
, C) "All children with RSV need to be hospitalized"
D) "Your child has pneumonia and needs respiratory therapy"
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - "Your child has low oxygen levels and is working
hard to breathe"
Rationale: Hospitalization criteria for bronchiolitis include hypoxia (SpO2 <92-
94%), moderate to severe respiratory distress (retractions, nasal flaring, accessory
muscle use), poor oral intake with dehydration risk, or apnea.
Question 7
What physical exam finding is most concerning in a child with bronchiolitis?
A) Low-grade fever
B) Intercostal retractions
C) Productive cough
D) Mild wheezing
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - Intercostal retractions
Rationale: Intercostal retractions indicate significant respiratory distress and
increased work of breathing, suggesting moderate to severe disease requiring close
monitoring or hospitalization.
Question 8
A 5-year-old with wheezing has a history of eczema and seasonal allergies.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Bronchiolitis
B) Asthma
and Childrearing Family Questions and
Answers 2026/2027 | Complete Study
Guide
Question 1
An 18-month-old presents with 5 days of rhinorrhea, 2 days of cough, fever to
102°F, and difficulty breathing. On exam, the child has intercostal retractions,
nasal flaring, bilateral expiratory wheezing, and crackles in the bases. Oxygen
saturation is 92% on room air. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pneumonia
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Asthma exacerbation
D) Foreign body aspiration
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - Bronchiolitis
Rationale: This presentation is classic for bronchiolitis, a lower respiratory tract
infection最常见 in children under 2 years. Key features include a prodrome of URI
symptoms progressing to lower respiratory involvement, fever, wheezing, crackles,
and signs of respiratory distress (retractions, nasal flaring). RSV is the most
common cause.
Question 2
,What is the most common causative agent of bronchiolitis in children under 2
years?
A) Influenza A
B) Parainfluenza virus
C) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D) Adenovirus
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: C - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rationale: RSV is responsible for approximately 70% of bronchiolitis cases in
young children. Most children will have had an RSV infection by age 2 years.
Question 3
Which diagnostic test would confirm the diagnosis of RSV bronchiolitis?
A) Chest X-ray
B) Rapid RSV antigen test
C) Complete blood count
D) Blood culture
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - Rapid RSV antigen test
Rationale: The rapid RSV antigen test confirms RSV infection. While chest X-ray
may show hyperinflation, it is not required for diagnosis and does not direct
management in typical cases.
Question 4
An 18-month-old with suspected bronchiolitis has an oxygen saturation of
92% on room air. What is the appropriate disposition?
,A) Discharge home with supportive care instructions
B) Admit for observation and supplemental oxygen
C) Prescribe oral antibiotics
D) Administer albuterol nebulizer treatment and discharge
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - Admit for observation and supplemental oxygen
Rationale: Hypoxia (SpO2 <94%) with signs of respiratory distress (retractions,
nasal flaring) warrants hospitalization for supportive care including supplemental
oxygen and IV fluids if needed.
Question 5
Which medication is indicated for the treatment of acute RSV bronchiolitis?
A) Albuterol nebulizer treatments
B) Oral corticosteroids
C) Antibiotics
D) Supportive care only (oxygen, hydration, antipyretics)
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: D - Supportive care only
Rationale: According to AAP guidelines, bronchiolitis treatment is primarily
supportive. Bronchodilators and corticosteroids have not shown consistent benefit
and are not routinely recommended.
Question 6
A parent asks why her 18-month-old with bronchiolitis needs to be
hospitalized. What is the best response?
A) "Your child needs antibiotics, which must be given IV"
B) "Your child has low oxygen levels and is working hard to breathe"
, C) "All children with RSV need to be hospitalized"
D) "Your child has pneumonia and needs respiratory therapy"
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - "Your child has low oxygen levels and is working
hard to breathe"
Rationale: Hospitalization criteria for bronchiolitis include hypoxia (SpO2 <92-
94%), moderate to severe respiratory distress (retractions, nasal flaring, accessory
muscle use), poor oral intake with dehydration risk, or apnea.
Question 7
What physical exam finding is most concerning in a child with bronchiolitis?
A) Low-grade fever
B) Intercostal retractions
C) Productive cough
D) Mild wheezing
Correct ,,,,answer,,,,: B - Intercostal retractions
Rationale: Intercostal retractions indicate significant respiratory distress and
increased work of breathing, suggesting moderate to severe disease requiring close
monitoring or hospitalization.
Question 8
A 5-year-old with wheezing has a history of eczema and seasonal allergies.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Bronchiolitis
B) Asthma
