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PSY2015F QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH METHODS: COMPLETE TEST BANK
– 150+ QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES | FIRST-CLASS PASS
## Table of Contents
| Section | Topic | Questions |
|---------|-------|-----------|
| Section 1 | Research Foundations & Ethics | 1-20 |
| Section 2 | Quantitative Research Design | 21-40 |
| Section 3 | Sampling Methods | 41-55 |
| Section 4 | Measurement & Validity | 56-70 |
| Section 5 | Descriptive Statistics | 71-85 |
| Section 6 | Inferential Statistics & Hypothesis Testing | 86-105 |
| Section 7 | Qualitative Research Foundations | 106-120 |
| Section 8 | Qualitative Data Collection & Analysis | 121-135 |
| Section 9 | Mixed Methods & Evaluation Research | 136-145 |
| Section 10 | NGN-Style Integrated Scenarios | 146-150 |
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# Section 1: Research Foundations & Ethics
**Q1.** The scientific method is characterized by which of the
following features?
A) Intuition and personal experience
B) Empiricism, systematic observation, and testable hypotheses
C) Subjective interpretation of phenomena
D) Reliance on authority figures for knowledge
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The scientific method relies on empiricism (knowledge
gained through observation), systematic observation (controlled and
structured), and testable hypotheses that can be falsified. Science is
objective, not based on intuition, authority, or subjective interpretation
alone.
---
**Q2.** A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on
reaction time. The independent variable in this study is:
A) Reaction time
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B) The participants' age
C) Sleep deprivation
D) The testing environment
**Answer: C**
*Rationale:* The independent variable (IV) is the variable manipulated
by the researcher. Here, sleep deprivation is manipulated (e.g., 0 hours, 4
hours, 8 hours of sleep). Reaction time is the dependent variable (DV) –
the outcome measured.
---
**Q3.** Which of the following research questions is best suited for a
qualitative research approach?
A) What is the relationship between hours of study and exam scores?
B) How do first-year students experience the transition to university
life?
C) Does cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce anxiety scores compared to
medication?
D) What percentage of students experience test anxiety?
**Answer: B**
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*Rationale:* Qualitative research explores subjective experiences,
meanings, and social processes in depth. Option B asks about lived
experience ("how do... experience"). Options A, C, and D are
quantitative (relationships, comparisons, percentages).
---
**Q4.** The Belmont Report outlines three core ethical principles for
research with human subjects. Which of the following is NOT one of
these principles?
A) Respect for persons
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Informed consent
**Answer: D**
*Rationale:* The Belmont Report (1979) identifies three principles:
Respect for persons (autonomy and protection of vulnerable groups),
Beneficence (maximize benefits, minimize harms), and Justice (fair
distribution of research burdens and benefits). Informed consent is an
application of Respect for persons, not a principle itself.
PSY2015F QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH METHODS: COMPLETE TEST BANK
– 150+ QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES | FIRST-CLASS PASS
## Table of Contents
| Section | Topic | Questions |
|---------|-------|-----------|
| Section 1 | Research Foundations & Ethics | 1-20 |
| Section 2 | Quantitative Research Design | 21-40 |
| Section 3 | Sampling Methods | 41-55 |
| Section 4 | Measurement & Validity | 56-70 |
| Section 5 | Descriptive Statistics | 71-85 |
| Section 6 | Inferential Statistics & Hypothesis Testing | 86-105 |
| Section 7 | Qualitative Research Foundations | 106-120 |
| Section 8 | Qualitative Data Collection & Analysis | 121-135 |
| Section 9 | Mixed Methods & Evaluation Research | 136-145 |
| Section 10 | NGN-Style Integrated Scenarios | 146-150 |
,2|Page
# Section 1: Research Foundations & Ethics
**Q1.** The scientific method is characterized by which of the
following features?
A) Intuition and personal experience
B) Empiricism, systematic observation, and testable hypotheses
C) Subjective interpretation of phenomena
D) Reliance on authority figures for knowledge
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The scientific method relies on empiricism (knowledge
gained through observation), systematic observation (controlled and
structured), and testable hypotheses that can be falsified. Science is
objective, not based on intuition, authority, or subjective interpretation
alone.
---
**Q2.** A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on
reaction time. The independent variable in this study is:
A) Reaction time
,3|Page
B) The participants' age
C) Sleep deprivation
D) The testing environment
**Answer: C**
*Rationale:* The independent variable (IV) is the variable manipulated
by the researcher. Here, sleep deprivation is manipulated (e.g., 0 hours, 4
hours, 8 hours of sleep). Reaction time is the dependent variable (DV) –
the outcome measured.
---
**Q3.** Which of the following research questions is best suited for a
qualitative research approach?
A) What is the relationship between hours of study and exam scores?
B) How do first-year students experience the transition to university
life?
C) Does cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce anxiety scores compared to
medication?
D) What percentage of students experience test anxiety?
**Answer: B**
, 4|Page
*Rationale:* Qualitative research explores subjective experiences,
meanings, and social processes in depth. Option B asks about lived
experience ("how do... experience"). Options A, C, and D are
quantitative (relationships, comparisons, percentages).
---
**Q4.** The Belmont Report outlines three core ethical principles for
research with human subjects. Which of the following is NOT one of
these principles?
A) Respect for persons
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Informed consent
**Answer: D**
*Rationale:* The Belmont Report (1979) identifies three principles:
Respect for persons (autonomy and protection of vulnerable groups),
Beneficence (maximize benefits, minimize harms), and Justice (fair
distribution of research burdens and benefits). Informed consent is an
application of Respect for persons, not a principle itself.
