Test bank For Foundations in Microbiology 6th Edition,WELL EXPLAINED GRADED A.

Viruses have all the following except A. definite shape. B. metabolism. C. genes. D. ability to infect host cells. E. ultramicroscopic size. Host cells of viruses include A. human and other animals. B. plants and fungi. C. bacteria. D. protozoa and algae. E. All of the choices are correct. The core of every virus particle always contains A. DNA. B. capsomers. C. enzymes. D. DNA and RNA. E. either DNA or RNA. Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except A. type of nucleic acid. B. type of capsid. C. presence of an envelope. D. biochemical reactions. E. nucleic acid strand number. Which of the following represents a virus family name? A. Herpes simplex virus B. Herpesviridae C. Picornavirus D. Enterovirus E. Hepatitis B virus Virus capsids are made from subunits called A. envelopes. B. spikes. C. capsomeres. D. prophages. E. peplomers. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus A. spike. B. capsomere. C. envelope. D. capsid. E. core. Which of the following is correct about viruses? A. cannot be seen with a light microscope B. are procaryotic C. contain 70S ribosomes D. undergo binary fission E. can be grown on nutrient agar All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except they A. gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane. B. gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane. C. contain special virus proteins. D. help the virus particle attach to host cells. E. located between the capsid and nucleic acid. Which of the following is not associated with every virus? A. envelope B. capsomers C. capsid D. nucleic acid E. genome These structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors A. sheath. B. tail fibers. C. nucleic acid. D. capsid head. E. None of the choices are correct. Which is incorrect about prophages? A. present when the virus is in lysogeny B. formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome C. replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny D. cause lysis of host cells E. occur when temperate phages enter host cells T-even phages A. include the poxviruses. B. infect Escherichia coli cells. C. enter host cells by engulfment. D. have helical capsids. E. All of the choices are correct. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is A. penetration, replication, maturation, adsorption, assembly, release. B. replication, penetration, maturation, assembly, absorption, release. C. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release. D. assembly, maturation, replication, release, penetration, adsorption. E. adsorption, release, maturation, replication, assembly, penetration. The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is A. adsorption to the host cells. B. injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell. C. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins. D. assembly of nucleocapsids. E. replication of viral nucleic acid. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during A. replication. B. assembly. C. adsorption. D. release. E. penetration. Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? A. live lab animals B. embryonated bird eggs C. primary cell cultures D. continuous cell cultures E. blood agar In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell’s _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell’s _____. A. nucleus, cytoplasm B. cytoplasm, cell membrane C. cell membrane, cytoplasm D. cytoplasm, nucleus E. nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum Host range is limited by A. type of nucleic acid in the virus. B. age of the host cell. C. type of host cell receptors on cell membrane. D. size of the host cell. E. All of the choices are correct. The virus-induced, specific damage to the host cell that can be seen in a light microscope is called A. lysogeny. B. budding. C. plaques. D. cytopathic effects. E. pocks. Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called A. lysogeny. B. budding. C. plaques. D. cytopathic effects. E. pocks. Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called A. lysogeny. B. budding. C. plaques. D. cytopathic effects. E. pocks. Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called A. latent. B. oncogenic. C. prions. D. viroids. E. delta agents. Oncogenic viruses include all the following except A. hepatitis B virus. B. measles virus. C. papillomavirus. D. HTLVI and HTLVII viruses. E. Epstein-Barr virus. Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect? A. inclusions in the nucleus. B. multinucleated giant cells. C. inclusions in the cytoplasm. D. cells round up. E. All of the choices are correct. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid A. does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication. B. involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid. C. occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle. D. occurs before replication. E. All of the choices are correct. Infectious protein particles are called A. viroids. B. phages. C. prions. D. oncogenic viruses. E. spikes. Infectious naked strands of RNA are called A. viroids. B. phages. C. prions. D. oncogenic viruses. E. spikes. Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is A. caused by a chronic latent virus. B. initiated by an oncogenic virus. C. caused by a viroid. D. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans. E. also called “mad cow disease”. Satellite viruses are A. also called viroids. B. dependent on other viruses for replication. C. the cause of spongiform encephalopathies. D. significant pathogens of plants. E. All of the choices are correct. All of the following is correct about treating viral diseases except A. viruses are killed by the same antibiotics that kill bacteria. B. many antiviral drugs block viral replication. C. many antiviral drugs cause severe side effects. D. interferons show potential for treating and preventing viral infections. E. All of the choices are correct. The capsomers are made of A. DNA. B. RNA. C. Lipids. D. Protein. E. Carbohydrate. Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered A. simple viruses. B. complex viruses. C. naked viruses. D. viroids. E. incomplete viruses. The nucleocapsid consists of A. the capsomers assembled into the capsid. B. the nucleic acid of the virus only. C. the nucleic acid along with the capsid. D. the envelope and capsid. E. the envelope, nucleic acid and capsid. Which of the following parts of a virus is not always present? A. envelope B. nucleic acid C. capsid D. capsomers E. None of the choices are optional parts of a virus. Which of the following viruses did D. Ivanovski and M. Beijerinck work with? A. rabies B. smallpox C. tobacco mosaic virus D. herpes E. Epstein-Barr virus Viruses belong to which of the following Kingdoms? A. Protists B. Fungi C. Archaea D. Bacteria E. None of the choices are correct. Which body system is mainly affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? A. digestive B. genitourinary C. nervous D. circulatory E. respiratory When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means A. the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host cell and is latent. B. the virus is bursting through the host cell membrane. C. the virus is starting biosynthesis of its nucleic acid. D. the virus will remain in circulation and not continue infecting its host. E. the number of viruses in the host is decreasing as the immune system becomes effective. All of the following are characteristics of viruses except A. they can be crystallized. B. they often have a geometric capsid. C. they have a viscous fluid inside their capsids. D. they can cause fatal diseases. E. they can cause mild diseases. Viruses are ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm. True False Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid. True False Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle. True False A specific animal virus has the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell. True False The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has determined there are only 3 orders of viruses. True False Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration. True False When a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic activities of the host cell. True False Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis occurs. True False No cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome linked to eating infected cows have occurred in the United States. True False The adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the delta agent are prions. True False A _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus. ________________________________________ Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called _____. ________________________________________ Diagnosis of viral infections sometimes involves analyzing the patient’s blood for specific _____ that the immune system produced against the virus. ________________________________________ Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called _____, and the infectious RNA strands called _____. ________________________________________ Viruses with _____ sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with _____ sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message. ________________________________________ Freshly isolated animal tissue that is placed in a growth medium and allowed to produce a cell monolayer is referred to as a _____ cell culture. ________________________________________ One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as an _____ capsid. ________________________________________ A naked virus does not have an _____. ________________________________________ During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the _____ _____. ________________________________________ A common method for cultivating viruses in the lab is to use in vitro systems called _____ cultures. ______________________________________