Apex Mock Exams Study Guide 2026/2027
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
"Can't ventilate, can't intubate" scenario. What is the best way to secure the airway? - ANSWER---
Requires an emergent surgical airway
a) surgical cricothyrotomy
b) transtracheal jet ventilation
tracheostomy and retrograde intubation are not considered emergent airways
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius - ANSWER---F= (C x 1.8) + 32
What are the best oxygen sources for transtracheal ventilation? - ANSWER---High pressure O2 sources
(TTJV requires psi of at least 25)
1. jet ventilator attached to anesthesia machine
2. O2 tank with a pressure regulator set to 50 psi
3. O2 flush valve on the anesthesia machine
Low pressure O2 sources (self resuscitation bag or reservoir bag on the anesthesia machine) are not
used for TTJV because they cannot fill the lungs with adequate O2 flow
LA ranked from shortest DOA to longest DOA
a) procaine
b) lidocaine
c) chloroprocaine
d) bupivacaine
e) mepivacaine
f) tetracaine
, Apex Mock Exams Study Guide 2026/2027
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
g) ropivacaine - ANSWER---shortest (lowest protein binding) : procaine, cholorprocaine (zero protein
binding)
intermediate: lidocaine, mepivacine
longest (most protein binding): bupivacaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine
In a cirlce system, work of breathing is primarily determined by which component of the system?
Think about Pouiselle's Law... - ANSWER---Whatever answer choice gives you the smallest diameter-->
decreased radius/diameter increases resistance
ETT is likely the answer since it has the narrowest diameter out of the Y piece, unidirectional valves and
circuit tubing
In the 15 kg pediatric patient who experiences cardiac arrest, what is the first defibrillation shock set at?
What about the second attempt? - ANSWER---first attempt: 2J/kg --> 30 J
second attempt if necessary: 4J/kg --> 60 J
Rank the following tests of neuromuscular function based on the % of receptors that can be occupied
when the desired response is achieved
TOF 4/4
double burst stimulation without fade
TV 5mL/kg
biting on tongue blade for longer than 5 seconds - ANSWER---TV 5 mL/kg-- 80% of receptors still
occupied by NMBD
, Apex Mock Exams Study Guide 2026/2027
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
TOF 4/4 -- 70% of receptors still occupied by NMBD
double burst stimulation without fade -- 60% of receptors still occupied by NMBD
biting on tongue blade > 5 seconds -- 50% of receptors still occupied by NMBD (this is the most sensitive
test of reversal)
Surgery is needed within __ hours of spinal hematoma symptoms. If delayed for more than __ hours,
recovery is unlikely. - ANSWER---8 hours
surgical decompression needs to happen within 8 hours of spinal hematoma symptoms or recovery is
unlikely
2 causes of hypocalcemia in the operating room - ANSWER---1. administration of PRBCs (citrate binds
calcium)
2. hyperventilation (causes decreased ionized calcium because H+ ions get displaced from plasma
proteins and Ca takes its place)
Equation for therapeutic index (TI) - ANSWER---LD50/ED50
Post synaptic nicotinic receptors are found at each of the following sites EXCEPT:
a) NMJ
b) SA node
c) autonomic ganglia
d) adrenal medulla - ANSWER---B- muscarinic receptors and adrenergic (B1) receptors are at the SA
node
Rank the following from most likely to least likely to cause a perioperative allergic reaction
, Apex Mock Exams Study Guide 2026/2027
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
muscle relaxants
antibiotics
latex
protamine/ blood products - ANSWER---most likely: 1. muscle relaxants (50-60%)
2. latex (15%)
3. antibiotics (10-15%)
4. protamine/ blood products (<2-3%)
What dose of epi causes beta effects? - ANSWER---low dose epi 0.01-0.03 mcg/kg/min --> beta effects
(B1= increased HR and contractility, B2= decreased SVR)
intermediate dose epi 0.03-0.15 mcg/kg/min --> mixed alpha and beta
high dose epi >0.15 mcg/kg/min --> alpha effects (increased SVR--> increased BP)
What is the first step of the soda lime reaction?
What are the final products of the soda lime reaction? - ANSWER---First step:
CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3
(carbonic acid)
Final products:
CaCO3 + NaOH
(calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide)
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
"Can't ventilate, can't intubate" scenario. What is the best way to secure the airway? - ANSWER---
Requires an emergent surgical airway
a) surgical cricothyrotomy
b) transtracheal jet ventilation
tracheostomy and retrograde intubation are not considered emergent airways
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius - ANSWER---F= (C x 1.8) + 32
What are the best oxygen sources for transtracheal ventilation? - ANSWER---High pressure O2 sources
(TTJV requires psi of at least 25)
1. jet ventilator attached to anesthesia machine
2. O2 tank with a pressure regulator set to 50 psi
3. O2 flush valve on the anesthesia machine
Low pressure O2 sources (self resuscitation bag or reservoir bag on the anesthesia machine) are not
used for TTJV because they cannot fill the lungs with adequate O2 flow
LA ranked from shortest DOA to longest DOA
a) procaine
b) lidocaine
c) chloroprocaine
d) bupivacaine
e) mepivacaine
f) tetracaine
, Apex Mock Exams Study Guide 2026/2027
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
g) ropivacaine - ANSWER---shortest (lowest protein binding) : procaine, cholorprocaine (zero protein
binding)
intermediate: lidocaine, mepivacine
longest (most protein binding): bupivacaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine
In a cirlce system, work of breathing is primarily determined by which component of the system?
Think about Pouiselle's Law... - ANSWER---Whatever answer choice gives you the smallest diameter-->
decreased radius/diameter increases resistance
ETT is likely the answer since it has the narrowest diameter out of the Y piece, unidirectional valves and
circuit tubing
In the 15 kg pediatric patient who experiences cardiac arrest, what is the first defibrillation shock set at?
What about the second attempt? - ANSWER---first attempt: 2J/kg --> 30 J
second attempt if necessary: 4J/kg --> 60 J
Rank the following tests of neuromuscular function based on the % of receptors that can be occupied
when the desired response is achieved
TOF 4/4
double burst stimulation without fade
TV 5mL/kg
biting on tongue blade for longer than 5 seconds - ANSWER---TV 5 mL/kg-- 80% of receptors still
occupied by NMBD
, Apex Mock Exams Study Guide 2026/2027
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
TOF 4/4 -- 70% of receptors still occupied by NMBD
double burst stimulation without fade -- 60% of receptors still occupied by NMBD
biting on tongue blade > 5 seconds -- 50% of receptors still occupied by NMBD (this is the most sensitive
test of reversal)
Surgery is needed within __ hours of spinal hematoma symptoms. If delayed for more than __ hours,
recovery is unlikely. - ANSWER---8 hours
surgical decompression needs to happen within 8 hours of spinal hematoma symptoms or recovery is
unlikely
2 causes of hypocalcemia in the operating room - ANSWER---1. administration of PRBCs (citrate binds
calcium)
2. hyperventilation (causes decreased ionized calcium because H+ ions get displaced from plasma
proteins and Ca takes its place)
Equation for therapeutic index (TI) - ANSWER---LD50/ED50
Post synaptic nicotinic receptors are found at each of the following sites EXCEPT:
a) NMJ
b) SA node
c) autonomic ganglia
d) adrenal medulla - ANSWER---B- muscarinic receptors and adrenergic (B1) receptors are at the SA
node
Rank the following from most likely to least likely to cause a perioperative allergic reaction
, Apex Mock Exams Study Guide 2026/2027
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
muscle relaxants
antibiotics
latex
protamine/ blood products - ANSWER---most likely: 1. muscle relaxants (50-60%)
2. latex (15%)
3. antibiotics (10-15%)
4. protamine/ blood products (<2-3%)
What dose of epi causes beta effects? - ANSWER---low dose epi 0.01-0.03 mcg/kg/min --> beta effects
(B1= increased HR and contractility, B2= decreased SVR)
intermediate dose epi 0.03-0.15 mcg/kg/min --> mixed alpha and beta
high dose epi >0.15 mcg/kg/min --> alpha effects (increased SVR--> increased BP)
What is the first step of the soda lime reaction?
What are the final products of the soda lime reaction? - ANSWER---First step:
CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3
(carbonic acid)
Final products:
CaCO3 + NaOH
(calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide)
