HUBS 1406 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ cations
Answer: positively charged ions (when they lose an electron)
◉ anions
Answer: negatively charged ions (when they gain an electron)
◉ importance of ions
Answer: - they conduct electricity
- can act as solute which are used in muscle contraction (when
neutron fires, it sets up concentration gradient helping/directing
electric impulses
◉ electrolyte
Answer: soluble inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an
electrical current solution
found in blood, urine and body fluids
◉ important electrocytes in the body
,Answer: NaCl
KCl
CaPO4
NaHCO3
◉ organic compounds
Answer: molecules that make up living things that contain carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen
◉ inorganic compound
Answer: molecules that make up non-living things containing variety
of elements including carbon
◉ important classes of organic molecules
Answer: - carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acid
- high energy compounds e.g. ATP
◉ function of carbohydrates
Answer: - include monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide
, -used as fuel for energy
◉ proteins
Answer: - polypeptide made up of amino acids, major functional and
structural component of most body cells
- types of proteins include:
hormones - act as chemical messengers
enzymes - catalyse metabolic reactions
structural -
◉ types and functions of protein
Answer: - hormones - act as chemical messengers
- enzymes - catalyse metabolic reactions
- structural - fibrous structural proteins
- defence - part of immune system (e.g. antibodies)
- transport - carry vital substances to cells e.g. haemoglobin
- receptor - control entry and exit of cells, activation of enzymes,
stimulate endocrine glands
- contractile - regulate strength and speed of heart contraction
◉ lipids
Answer: organic fats and fatty acids
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ cations
Answer: positively charged ions (when they lose an electron)
◉ anions
Answer: negatively charged ions (when they gain an electron)
◉ importance of ions
Answer: - they conduct electricity
- can act as solute which are used in muscle contraction (when
neutron fires, it sets up concentration gradient helping/directing
electric impulses
◉ electrolyte
Answer: soluble inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an
electrical current solution
found in blood, urine and body fluids
◉ important electrocytes in the body
,Answer: NaCl
KCl
CaPO4
NaHCO3
◉ organic compounds
Answer: molecules that make up living things that contain carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen
◉ inorganic compound
Answer: molecules that make up non-living things containing variety
of elements including carbon
◉ important classes of organic molecules
Answer: - carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acid
- high energy compounds e.g. ATP
◉ function of carbohydrates
Answer: - include monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide
, -used as fuel for energy
◉ proteins
Answer: - polypeptide made up of amino acids, major functional and
structural component of most body cells
- types of proteins include:
hormones - act as chemical messengers
enzymes - catalyse metabolic reactions
structural -
◉ types and functions of protein
Answer: - hormones - act as chemical messengers
- enzymes - catalyse metabolic reactions
- structural - fibrous structural proteins
- defence - part of immune system (e.g. antibodies)
- transport - carry vital substances to cells e.g. haemoglobin
- receptor - control entry and exit of cells, activation of enzymes,
stimulate endocrine glands
- contractile - regulate strength and speed of heart contraction
◉ lipids
Answer: organic fats and fatty acids
