NR325 Adult Health I (Med-Surg) FINAL EXAM 2026/2027
COMPLETE ACCURATE TEST EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST
VERSION |BEST DOCUMENT FOR EXAM
1. A nurse is assessing a client with left-sided heart failure. Which finding should the nurse
expect? (Select all that apply.)
a. Pulmonary crackles
b. Jugular vein distention
c. Peripheral edema
d. Dyspnea on exertion
e. Pink, frothy sputum
Correct Answer: A, D, E
Expert Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary congestion due to backward flow
into the lungs. This results in crackles (A), dyspnea on exertion (D), and pink, frothy sputum (E)
indicating pulmonary edema. Jugular vein distention and peripheral edema are more associated
with right-sided heart failure.
DIF: Application
REF: Cardiovascular System / Heart Failure
OBJ: Identify manifestations of left-sided heart failure
TOP: Physiological Adaptation
2. A nurse is caring for a client receiving furosemide. Which assessment finding requires
immediate intervention?
a. Serum potassium 2.9 mEq/L
b. Urine output 40 mL/hr
c. Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg
d. Weight loss of 0.5 kg/day
, Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss. Hypokalemia (2.9
mEq/L) can lead to life-threatening dysrhythmias and requires immediate intervention. The
other findings are expected or within acceptable limits.
DIF: Analysis
REF: Pharmacology / Diuretics
OBJ: Recognize adverse effects of loop diuretics
TOP: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
3. A nurse is teaching a client with COPD about oxygen therapy safety. Which statement
indicates correct understanding?
a. “I will increase oxygen flow to 6 L/min if I feel short of breath.”
b. “I should remove oxygen when cooking with gas.”
c. “I will use petroleum jelly to prevent dry nostrils.”
d. “I will store oxygen tanks upright in a cool area.”
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Oxygen tanks must be stored upright in a cool, ventilated area. Increasing
oxygen independently (A) is unsafe in COPD. Petroleum jelly is flammable (C), and oxygen
should not be removed arbitrarily (B unless instructed for safety hazards like open flames
nearby, but not general practice).
DIF: Application
REF: Respiratory System / Oxygen Therapy
OBJ: Apply oxygen safety principles
TOP: Safety and Infection Control
4. A nurse is assessing a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which finding is expected?
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Kussmaul respirations
c. Slow, shallow breathing
d. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: DKA causes metabolic acidosis, leading to deep, rapid (Kussmaul) respirations
as compensation. Hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia, is present. Tachycardia is more common
than bradycardia.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Endocrine System / DKA
,OBJ: Identify manifestations of DKA
TOP: Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
5. A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which laboratory value is
most concerning?
a. BUN 18 mg/dL
b. Creatinine 1.0 mg/dL
c. Potassium 6.2 mEq/L
d. Sodium 138 mEq/L
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Hyperkalemia is life-threatening in AKI due to impaired renal excretion and
can cause fatal dysrhythmias. Other values are within normal range.
DIF: Analysis
REF: Renal System / AKI
OBJ: Identify priority lab abnormalities in AKI
TOP: Elimination
6. A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. Which action is the priority?
a. Confirm informed consent is signed
b. Administer preoperative sedative
c. Remove all jewelry and dentures
d. Teach postoperative deep breathing
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Informed consent must be legally obtained before any preoperative
interventions. Without consent, surgery cannot proceed.
DIF: Application
REF: Perioperative Care
OBJ: Prioritize preoperative safety measures
TOP: Safety and Infection Control
7. A nurse is caring for a client with stroke (left hemisphere). Which deficit is expected?
a. Impulsive behavior
b. Aphasia
c. Left-sided neglect
d. Emotional flatness only
, Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Left hemisphere stroke commonly causes language deficits such as aphasia.
Right hemisphere strokes cause spatial neglect and impulsivity.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Neurological System / Stroke
OBJ: Differentiate stroke presentations
TOP: Physiological Adaptation
8. A nurse is monitoring a client receiving heparin therapy. Which lab result indicates
therapeutic effect?
a. INR 2–3
b. aPTT 60–80 seconds
c. Platelets 450,000/mm³
d. PT 10 seconds
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Heparin therapy is monitored using aPTT, and therapeutic range is typically
1.5–2.5 times normal (~60–80 seconds). INR is for warfarin.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Anticoagulant Therapy
OBJ: Identify therapeutic heparin levels
TOP: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
9. A nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia. Which intervention is priority?
a. Encourage fluid intake
b. Administer antipyretics
c. Obtain sputum culture
d. Position in high Fowler’s
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: High Fowler’s position improves lung expansion and oxygenation, making it
the priority intervention.
DIF: Analysis
REF: Respiratory Infections
OBJ: Prioritize respiratory interventions
TOP: Oxygenation
10. A nurse is assessing a client with hyperthyroidism. Which finding is expected?
COMPLETE ACCURATE TEST EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST
VERSION |BEST DOCUMENT FOR EXAM
1. A nurse is assessing a client with left-sided heart failure. Which finding should the nurse
expect? (Select all that apply.)
a. Pulmonary crackles
b. Jugular vein distention
c. Peripheral edema
d. Dyspnea on exertion
e. Pink, frothy sputum
Correct Answer: A, D, E
Expert Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary congestion due to backward flow
into the lungs. This results in crackles (A), dyspnea on exertion (D), and pink, frothy sputum (E)
indicating pulmonary edema. Jugular vein distention and peripheral edema are more associated
with right-sided heart failure.
DIF: Application
REF: Cardiovascular System / Heart Failure
OBJ: Identify manifestations of left-sided heart failure
TOP: Physiological Adaptation
2. A nurse is caring for a client receiving furosemide. Which assessment finding requires
immediate intervention?
a. Serum potassium 2.9 mEq/L
b. Urine output 40 mL/hr
c. Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg
d. Weight loss of 0.5 kg/day
, Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss. Hypokalemia (2.9
mEq/L) can lead to life-threatening dysrhythmias and requires immediate intervention. The
other findings are expected or within acceptable limits.
DIF: Analysis
REF: Pharmacology / Diuretics
OBJ: Recognize adverse effects of loop diuretics
TOP: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
3. A nurse is teaching a client with COPD about oxygen therapy safety. Which statement
indicates correct understanding?
a. “I will increase oxygen flow to 6 L/min if I feel short of breath.”
b. “I should remove oxygen when cooking with gas.”
c. “I will use petroleum jelly to prevent dry nostrils.”
d. “I will store oxygen tanks upright in a cool area.”
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Oxygen tanks must be stored upright in a cool, ventilated area. Increasing
oxygen independently (A) is unsafe in COPD. Petroleum jelly is flammable (C), and oxygen
should not be removed arbitrarily (B unless instructed for safety hazards like open flames
nearby, but not general practice).
DIF: Application
REF: Respiratory System / Oxygen Therapy
OBJ: Apply oxygen safety principles
TOP: Safety and Infection Control
4. A nurse is assessing a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which finding is expected?
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Kussmaul respirations
c. Slow, shallow breathing
d. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: DKA causes metabolic acidosis, leading to deep, rapid (Kussmaul) respirations
as compensation. Hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia, is present. Tachycardia is more common
than bradycardia.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Endocrine System / DKA
,OBJ: Identify manifestations of DKA
TOP: Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
5. A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which laboratory value is
most concerning?
a. BUN 18 mg/dL
b. Creatinine 1.0 mg/dL
c. Potassium 6.2 mEq/L
d. Sodium 138 mEq/L
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Hyperkalemia is life-threatening in AKI due to impaired renal excretion and
can cause fatal dysrhythmias. Other values are within normal range.
DIF: Analysis
REF: Renal System / AKI
OBJ: Identify priority lab abnormalities in AKI
TOP: Elimination
6. A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. Which action is the priority?
a. Confirm informed consent is signed
b. Administer preoperative sedative
c. Remove all jewelry and dentures
d. Teach postoperative deep breathing
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Informed consent must be legally obtained before any preoperative
interventions. Without consent, surgery cannot proceed.
DIF: Application
REF: Perioperative Care
OBJ: Prioritize preoperative safety measures
TOP: Safety and Infection Control
7. A nurse is caring for a client with stroke (left hemisphere). Which deficit is expected?
a. Impulsive behavior
b. Aphasia
c. Left-sided neglect
d. Emotional flatness only
, Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Left hemisphere stroke commonly causes language deficits such as aphasia.
Right hemisphere strokes cause spatial neglect and impulsivity.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Neurological System / Stroke
OBJ: Differentiate stroke presentations
TOP: Physiological Adaptation
8. A nurse is monitoring a client receiving heparin therapy. Which lab result indicates
therapeutic effect?
a. INR 2–3
b. aPTT 60–80 seconds
c. Platelets 450,000/mm³
d. PT 10 seconds
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Heparin therapy is monitored using aPTT, and therapeutic range is typically
1.5–2.5 times normal (~60–80 seconds). INR is for warfarin.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Anticoagulant Therapy
OBJ: Identify therapeutic heparin levels
TOP: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
9. A nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia. Which intervention is priority?
a. Encourage fluid intake
b. Administer antipyretics
c. Obtain sputum culture
d. Position in high Fowler’s
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: High Fowler’s position improves lung expansion and oxygenation, making it
the priority intervention.
DIF: Analysis
REF: Respiratory Infections
OBJ: Prioritize respiratory interventions
TOP: Oxygenation
10. A nurse is assessing a client with hyperthyroidism. Which finding is expected?
