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occur when antigen combines with Ig within circulation and these
complexes are then deposited in tissues
autoimmine disorders
BP elevated range
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120-129/<80
,Titer
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the level of antibody within the bloodstream, usually corresponds with to
the level of exposure to the microbe
TB, rubella, any vaccines...
Positive means you have been exposed through infection or vaccine!
HIV/AIDS etiology
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HIV-1 affects most people in the US
HIV-2 most common in West Africa
HIV is caused by a virus. It can spread through sexual contact, shooting of
illicit drugs or use of shared needles, and contact with infected blood. It
also can spread from parent to child during pregnancy, childbirth or
breastfeeding.
HIV
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attacks CD4 cells- normal range 800-1200 cells/mm^3
Becomes significant when below 500, below 200= aids
,cell Injury & death
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Occurs when cells are unable to adapt to stress or when they are exposed
to damaging agents or suffer intrinsic abnormalities
streptococcal- treatment
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antibiotics
angina treatment
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Immediate relief → nitroglycerin (dilated the arteries to ⬆blood flow
surgical -PCI-stent in artery
-CABG -reroute around artery
Beta blockers, CCB's, statins anticoagulants, llfestyle changes
s/s of chronic venous insufficiency
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, Aching of lower extremities
stasis leg ulcers
edema of lower extremities
dermatitis is common
cool to touch
Hypomagnesemia causes
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Under 1.5
Excessive alcohol =stops GI from absorbing Mg+
Fluid loss → NG suction, N/V, diuretics
Pregnant mommas = risk for malnutrition
Chronic Venous Insufficiency etiology
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valves may become incompetent as a result of impaired venous return
caused by trauma, central obesity, pregnancy, or prolonger standing
Valve damage
Influenza- patho
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virus enters the upper respiratory tract and then invades the lower
respiratory tract mucous gland cells, alveolar cells, and macrophages.
The infection usually presents as abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache,