NURS 8022 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
2026-2027 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST !
Which of the following disorders can lead to a low V/Q mismatch?
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Pulmonary Embolism
C. Pulmonary Hypertension
D. Hypercapnia
A. Pulmonary edema. Rationale: in low V/Q mismatch, perfusion exceeds
ventilation.
Nitric oxide, which is released by the glomerular endothelial cells, causes which
physiological process to occur?
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Vasodilation
B. Vasodilation
What would be a normal physiological response in regard to osmosis be in a
patient with hyperglycemia?
The patient's serum is hypertonic and the fluid will move out of the cell
,How does the parasympathetic nervous system decrease heart rate?
Release of ACH from the parasympathetic system increases the permeability of K+
ions and leads to hyperpolarization of the cell.
A patient is in renal failure. The patient reports a history of severe diarrhea for
several days. They also report they have not been able to eat or drink anything for
the last 24 hours due to not feeling well. The NP would suspect that this patient's
renal failure is a (pre/intral/post renal) and is due to (dehydration/ischemia/urinary
obstruction).
Prerenal; dehydration
Which of the following cardiac alterations could lead to left sided hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Pulmonary hypertension
C. Cardiac dilation
D. Amyloidosis
A. Aortic stenosis
Natriuretic peptides increase the _________ of sodium?
excretion
A patient presents with right sided heart failure, what is the most likely cause?
,Left sided heart failure
If a patient's BP was 200/120 what would you expect to occur physiologically in
the kidneys?
Afferent arteriole constriction
GFR is directly related to..
renal blood flow and perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
Which of the following represents ventricular systole on the ECG?
A. PR interval
B. QRS
C. ST interval
D. QT interval
QT interval
When reviewing the patients chart a provider reads that there is nephrotic sediment
in the urine. This means there is a large presence of
Protein
, When reviewing the patients chart a provider reads that there is nephritic sediment
in the urine. This means there is a large presence of
Blood
What are two functions of surfactant in the lungs?
-Keeps alveoli open and free of fluid
-Decreases surface tension by blocking H2O and H+ binding
If a patients has low plasma volume what is the normal physiological response?
Thirst
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Which lipid carried cholesterol to the tissues?
LDL
What three areas does gas exchange occur?
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli
2026-2027 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST !
Which of the following disorders can lead to a low V/Q mismatch?
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Pulmonary Embolism
C. Pulmonary Hypertension
D. Hypercapnia
A. Pulmonary edema. Rationale: in low V/Q mismatch, perfusion exceeds
ventilation.
Nitric oxide, which is released by the glomerular endothelial cells, causes which
physiological process to occur?
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Vasodilation
B. Vasodilation
What would be a normal physiological response in regard to osmosis be in a
patient with hyperglycemia?
The patient's serum is hypertonic and the fluid will move out of the cell
,How does the parasympathetic nervous system decrease heart rate?
Release of ACH from the parasympathetic system increases the permeability of K+
ions and leads to hyperpolarization of the cell.
A patient is in renal failure. The patient reports a history of severe diarrhea for
several days. They also report they have not been able to eat or drink anything for
the last 24 hours due to not feeling well. The NP would suspect that this patient's
renal failure is a (pre/intral/post renal) and is due to (dehydration/ischemia/urinary
obstruction).
Prerenal; dehydration
Which of the following cardiac alterations could lead to left sided hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Pulmonary hypertension
C. Cardiac dilation
D. Amyloidosis
A. Aortic stenosis
Natriuretic peptides increase the _________ of sodium?
excretion
A patient presents with right sided heart failure, what is the most likely cause?
,Left sided heart failure
If a patient's BP was 200/120 what would you expect to occur physiologically in
the kidneys?
Afferent arteriole constriction
GFR is directly related to..
renal blood flow and perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
Which of the following represents ventricular systole on the ECG?
A. PR interval
B. QRS
C. ST interval
D. QT interval
QT interval
When reviewing the patients chart a provider reads that there is nephrotic sediment
in the urine. This means there is a large presence of
Protein
, When reviewing the patients chart a provider reads that there is nephritic sediment
in the urine. This means there is a large presence of
Blood
What are two functions of surfactant in the lungs?
-Keeps alveoli open and free of fluid
-Decreases surface tension by blocking H2O and H+ binding
If a patients has low plasma volume what is the normal physiological response?
Thirst
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Which lipid carried cholesterol to the tissues?
LDL
What three areas does gas exchange occur?
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli
