HNF 150 EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Amino acid. Answer: the building blocks of protein, each has an
amine group, an acid group and a side chain.
⩥ essential amino acid. Answer: amino acids that cannot be synthesized
by the body or cannot be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet
physiological needs.
⩥ conditionally essential amino acid. Answer: amino acid that is
normally nonessential but must be supplied by the diet in certain
circumstances when body cannot produce it (infant, disease, trauma)
⩥ protein synthesis. Answer: -DNA serves as template to make mRNA
-mRNA exits nucleus through nuclear membrane
-mRNA attaches to protein making machine (ribosome)
-tRNA carrying amino acids transfer to to mRNA
-an enzyme bonds one amino acid to the growing protein strand
-completed protein is released
⩥ polypeptide. Answer: protein fragment of more than 10 amino acids
bonded together
, ⩥ dipeptide. Answer: protein fragments that are two amino acids long.
⩥ tripeptide. Answer: protein fragments that are three amino acids long
⩥ HCl. Answer: converts pepsinogen to pepsin which breaks down
proteins to peptides. HCl maintains a pH in the stomach, and dissolves
food and kills microorganisms.
⩥ electrolyte balance. Answer: the distribution of fluid and dissolved
particles among body compartments
⩥ enzyme. Answer: proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without
being changed in the process
⩥ edema. Answer: swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid
from the blood vessels (seen in protein deficiency)
⩥ protein quality. Answer: protein efficiency ratio (amount of weight
gain by lab animal), protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (its
ability to supply amino acids in amounts adequate to meet the amino
acid requirements)
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Amino acid. Answer: the building blocks of protein, each has an
amine group, an acid group and a side chain.
⩥ essential amino acid. Answer: amino acids that cannot be synthesized
by the body or cannot be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet
physiological needs.
⩥ conditionally essential amino acid. Answer: amino acid that is
normally nonessential but must be supplied by the diet in certain
circumstances when body cannot produce it (infant, disease, trauma)
⩥ protein synthesis. Answer: -DNA serves as template to make mRNA
-mRNA exits nucleus through nuclear membrane
-mRNA attaches to protein making machine (ribosome)
-tRNA carrying amino acids transfer to to mRNA
-an enzyme bonds one amino acid to the growing protein strand
-completed protein is released
⩥ polypeptide. Answer: protein fragment of more than 10 amino acids
bonded together
, ⩥ dipeptide. Answer: protein fragments that are two amino acids long.
⩥ tripeptide. Answer: protein fragments that are three amino acids long
⩥ HCl. Answer: converts pepsinogen to pepsin which breaks down
proteins to peptides. HCl maintains a pH in the stomach, and dissolves
food and kills microorganisms.
⩥ electrolyte balance. Answer: the distribution of fluid and dissolved
particles among body compartments
⩥ enzyme. Answer: proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without
being changed in the process
⩥ edema. Answer: swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid
from the blood vessels (seen in protein deficiency)
⩥ protein quality. Answer: protein efficiency ratio (amount of weight
gain by lab animal), protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (its
ability to supply amino acids in amounts adequate to meet the amino
acid requirements)
