Praxis Elementary Education: Content Knowledge for Teaching (7811)
Reading and Language Arts (7812) Pt. I- Q&A
1. print concepts the general rules governing text
i.e. text is read from left to right and top to bottom
2. directionality the direction in which a language is read
i.e. the directionality of written English is from left to right
3. alphabetic princi- the understanding that there is a logical/systematic relationship between the
ple sounds of spoken English and the letters and letter-patterns of written English
4. alphabetic knowl- the ability to recognize, name, and write letters
edge
5. phoneme the smallest individual sounds in a word
6. grapheme a written letter or a combination of letters that represents a single sound
i.e. "ph" makes a "f" sound
7. letter recognition the ability to name the letters in the alphabet and identify the characteristics of
each letter
8. phonics / grapho- using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a
phonemic princi- language to read and write
ple
9. phonetics the sounds of human speech
10. morpheme a combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be
divided into smaller grammatical parts; this includes prefixes and suflxes
11. diphthong one vowel sound made by the combination of two vowel sounds
i.e. the "ou" in south; the "au" in taught; the "oy' in oyster
12. the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words
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, Praxis Elementary Education: Content Knowledge for Teaching (7811)
Reading and Language Arts (7812) Pt. I- Q&A
phonemic aware-
ness / sound
awareness
13. vowel digraph two vowels that make a single vowel sound when together in a word, also known
as "vowel teams"
i.e. the "ai" in paint; the "ee" in need; the "oa" in boat
14. phoneme blend- the ability to blend two sounds to make a word
ing
15. open syllable syllable that ends in a vowel; the vowel has its long sound
i.e. vacant, brutal, agent
16. pragmatics the study of language in use, not in its structure; or the appropriate use of language
17. syllable aware- the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words
ness / syllabi-
cation / syllable
segmentation
18. vowel-conso- the vowel-consonant-e syllable has a silent "e" and makes the vowel before it long;
nant-E syllable this syllable is usually found at the end of a word
i.e. name, mice, cake, compete
19. compound words two complete words that have joined together to form one word with a new
meaning
i.e. bed+room = bedroom
20. onset and rime the ability to hear and understand that the sound(s) before the vowel in a syllable
production is the onset, and the vowel and everything that comes after it in a syllable is the
rime
i.e. In the word cat, the onset is /c/ and the rime is /at/
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Reading and Language Arts (7812) Pt. I- Q&A
1. print concepts the general rules governing text
i.e. text is read from left to right and top to bottom
2. directionality the direction in which a language is read
i.e. the directionality of written English is from left to right
3. alphabetic princi- the understanding that there is a logical/systematic relationship between the
ple sounds of spoken English and the letters and letter-patterns of written English
4. alphabetic knowl- the ability to recognize, name, and write letters
edge
5. phoneme the smallest individual sounds in a word
6. grapheme a written letter or a combination of letters that represents a single sound
i.e. "ph" makes a "f" sound
7. letter recognition the ability to name the letters in the alphabet and identify the characteristics of
each letter
8. phonics / grapho- using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a
phonemic princi- language to read and write
ple
9. phonetics the sounds of human speech
10. morpheme a combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be
divided into smaller grammatical parts; this includes prefixes and suflxes
11. diphthong one vowel sound made by the combination of two vowel sounds
i.e. the "ou" in south; the "au" in taught; the "oy' in oyster
12. the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words
1/6
, Praxis Elementary Education: Content Knowledge for Teaching (7811)
Reading and Language Arts (7812) Pt. I- Q&A
phonemic aware-
ness / sound
awareness
13. vowel digraph two vowels that make a single vowel sound when together in a word, also known
as "vowel teams"
i.e. the "ai" in paint; the "ee" in need; the "oa" in boat
14. phoneme blend- the ability to blend two sounds to make a word
ing
15. open syllable syllable that ends in a vowel; the vowel has its long sound
i.e. vacant, brutal, agent
16. pragmatics the study of language in use, not in its structure; or the appropriate use of language
17. syllable aware- the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words
ness / syllabi-
cation / syllable
segmentation
18. vowel-conso- the vowel-consonant-e syllable has a silent "e" and makes the vowel before it long;
nant-E syllable this syllable is usually found at the end of a word
i.e. name, mice, cake, compete
19. compound words two complete words that have joined together to form one word with a new
meaning
i.e. bed+room = bedroom
20. onset and rime the ability to hear and understand that the sound(s) before the vowel in a syllable
production is the onset, and the vowel and everything that comes after it in a syllable is the
rime
i.e. In the word cat, the onset is /c/ and the rime is /at/
2/6
