HNF 150 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
⩥ Amino Acid. Answer: The building blocks of protein. Each has an
amine group at one end, an acid group at the other, and a distinctive side
chain.
⩥ Essential Amino Acid. Answer: Amino acids that either cannot be
synthesized at all by the body or cannot be synthesized in amounts
sufficient to meet physiological need. Also called indispensable amino
acids.
⩥ Conditionally Essential Amino Acid. Answer: Amino acids that are
normally nonessential by must be supplied by the diet in special
circumstances when the need for it exceeds the body's ability to produce
it.
⩥ Protein Synthesis. Answer: Is the process by which the genetic code
puts together proteins in the cell.
⩥ Peptide. Answer: A bond that connects one amino acid with another,
forming a link in a protein chain.
, ⩥ Polypeptide. Answer: Protein fragments of many (more than 10)
amino acids bonded together (poly means "many"). A strand of amino
acids.
⩥ Dipeptide. Answer: Protein fragments that are two amino acids long.
⩥ Tripeptide. Answer: Protein fragments that are three amino acids long.
⩥ HCI. Answer: Hydrochloric acid a strong corrosive acid of hydrogen
and chloride atoms, produced by the stomach to assist in digestion.
⩥ Electrolyte Balance. Answer: The distribution of fluid and dissolved
particles among body compartments.
⩥ Enzyme. Answer: Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without
being changed in the process; protein catalyst.
⩥ Edema. Answer: Swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid
from the blood vessels; seen in protein deficiency (among other
conditions).
⩥ Protein Quality. Answer: Refers to how well the essential amino acid
(EAA) profile of a protein matches the requirements of the body
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
⩥ Amino Acid. Answer: The building blocks of protein. Each has an
amine group at one end, an acid group at the other, and a distinctive side
chain.
⩥ Essential Amino Acid. Answer: Amino acids that either cannot be
synthesized at all by the body or cannot be synthesized in amounts
sufficient to meet physiological need. Also called indispensable amino
acids.
⩥ Conditionally Essential Amino Acid. Answer: Amino acids that are
normally nonessential by must be supplied by the diet in special
circumstances when the need for it exceeds the body's ability to produce
it.
⩥ Protein Synthesis. Answer: Is the process by which the genetic code
puts together proteins in the cell.
⩥ Peptide. Answer: A bond that connects one amino acid with another,
forming a link in a protein chain.
, ⩥ Polypeptide. Answer: Protein fragments of many (more than 10)
amino acids bonded together (poly means "many"). A strand of amino
acids.
⩥ Dipeptide. Answer: Protein fragments that are two amino acids long.
⩥ Tripeptide. Answer: Protein fragments that are three amino acids long.
⩥ HCI. Answer: Hydrochloric acid a strong corrosive acid of hydrogen
and chloride atoms, produced by the stomach to assist in digestion.
⩥ Electrolyte Balance. Answer: The distribution of fluid and dissolved
particles among body compartments.
⩥ Enzyme. Answer: Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without
being changed in the process; protein catalyst.
⩥ Edema. Answer: Swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid
from the blood vessels; seen in protein deficiency (among other
conditions).
⩥ Protein Quality. Answer: Refers to how well the essential amino acid
(EAA) profile of a protein matches the requirements of the body
