HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT KEY TERMS TEST 1 (PSY 2340 CSCC) QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT KEY TERMS TEST 1 (PSY 2340 CSCC) QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 development - Answers change in one's life from beginning to end resilience - Answers the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness biological processes - Answers physical changes cognitive processes - Answers changes to one's thoughts, intelligence, language socioeconomic processes - Answers changes to one's relationships, emotion, personality developmental issue: nature v nuture - Answers which is more influential: biological inheritance or environmental experiences? developmental issue: stability v change - Answers to what degree do early traits persist throughout one's life? developmental issue: continuity v discontinutity - Answers is development gradual or does it occur in separate stages? Freud - Answers psychoanalytic theory Erikson - Answers psychosocial theory Piaget - Answers cognitive developmental theory Vygotsky - Answers sociocultural development theory information processing theory - Answers emphasizes that individuals manipulate, monitor, and strategize about information. People gradually increase their capacity for complex information Skinner - Answers operant conditioning Bandura - Answers social-cognitive Bronfenbrenner - Answers ecological perspective ethological - Answers the study of the behavior of animals in their natural habitat, emphasizes the importance of nature over nurture eclectic orientation - Answers does not follow one approach exclusively, picks pieces of different theories to create a unique perspective naturalistic observation - Answers observing research subjects in a natural, non-laboratory setting laboratory - Answers observing research subjects in a controlled, laboratory setting survey/interview - Answers a set of questions for participants to answer, allowing them to self-report on their attitudes and behaviors standardized test - Answers a test in which both the questions and scoring procedures are uniform, used to compare individual performance case study - Answers an in-depth study of one individual to study the influences of a person's unique attitudes and experiences physiological measures - Answers standardized measures of a particular psychological variable such as personality, intelligence, or emotional functioning descriptive research - Answers observing and recording behavior to describe phenomena correlational research - Answers studying the relationship between two variables experimental research - Answers using experiments to test causality cross-sectional approach - Answers researching multiple people at the same time longitudinal approach - Answers researching the same people multiple times throughout their lives cohort effects - Answers the influence of being a part of a specific era/generation as opposed to an age group the four components of research ethics - Answers - informed consent - confidentiality - debriefing - deception amniocentesis - Answers a procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn by syringe and tested for chromosomal or metabolic disorders behavioral genetics - Answers the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development (nature v nurture specialists) chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Answers a prenatal medical procedure in which a tiny tissue sample from the placenta is removed and analyzed, done between the 10th and 12th week of pregnancy Down Syndrome - Answers extra chromosome on the 21st pair symptoms of Down Syndrome - Answers -intellectual disability -younger or older (35+) mother -distinctive facial features: small ears, enlarged tongue, almond-shaped eyes Klinefelter Syndrome - Answers XXY pattern symptoms of Klinefelter Syndrome - Answers -tall -sterile -enlarged breasts -underdeveloped testes Fragile X Syndrome - Answers X chromosome with fragile/damaged area symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome - Answers potentially progressive intellectual disability Turner Syndrome - Answers XO (one chromosome) symptoms of Turner Syndrome - Answers - anatomically female - stunted growth - usually sterile Triple X Syndrome - Answers XXX pattern symptoms of Triple X Syndrome - Answers - longer than average legs - poor verbal ability - intellectual disability XYY Syndrome symptoms - Answers - taller than average - large teeth - puberty/fertility unaffected genes - Answers basic unit of genetic information genetic counseling - Answers the process by which individuals at risk of an inherited disorder are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of developing or transmitting it, and the options open to them in management and family planning genotype - Answers set of genes phenotype - Answers genes that are expressed (influenced by dominance of genes and environment) heterozygous - Answers person inherits different alleles on a chromosome pair (ex: one blue eye gene, one brown eye gene) homozygous - Answers person inherits same alleles on chromosome (ex: two blue eye genes) polygenic inheritance - Answers multiple genes influence one trait (ex: height, skin color, etc.) sickle-cell anemia - Answers red blood cell deformity characteristics of sickle-cell anemia - Answers - joint swelling - stunted growth - limits oxygen to body - can cause heart or kidney failure - associated with ethnicity: West Africa and African American Tay-Sachs disease - Answers a rare inherited disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord characteristics of Tay-Sachs disease - Answers - few live past the age of 3 - 1-2 years of age: blind and intellectually disabled - no known treatment - associated with ethnicity: Jewish and French Canadian Phenylketonuria (PKU) - Answers the inability to digest phenylalanine, an amino acid, resulting in it building up in the body characteristics of Phenylketonuria (PKU) - Answers - phenylalanine builds up in the brain, causing brain damage - associated with ethnicity: Caucasian X-linked genes - Answers - X-linked inheritance means that the gene causing the trait or the disorder is located on the X chromosome - expression in females and males is not the same zygote - Answers fused gametes gametes - Answers egg and sperm embryonic period - Answers - the period of prenatal development that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception - the rate of cell differentiation intensifies, support systems for cells form, and organs develop organogenesis - Answers the process of organ formation during the first two months of prenatal development fertilization - Answers when a single sperm cell from a male unites with an ovum (egg) in a female's fallopian tube