PSY 290 - PSYCHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD AND INFANCY DEVELOPMENT > EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Concrete Operational Stage - Answers 7-11. Thinking becomes more logical, flexible, and organized
Conservation - Answers Succeed at conversation tasks. capable of decentration and mental
reversibility of processes
Classification - Answers Understand hierarchy of characteristics
Seriation - Answers Able to classify objects based on shared characteristics
Transitive Inference - Answers Ability to mentally compare two objects based on their relationship to
a third. Needs to be in front of them at first
Spatial Reasoning - Answers Advances in cognitive maps. Can mentally rotate objects, organize
around landmarks, and focus on directionality
Limitations - Answers -Difficult solving abstract problems and hypotheticals
-Gradual mastery of concrete thinking
Critiques - Answers -Development is not universal
-Cultural variations
-Not just spontaneous development, but driven by adults and peers
Cognitive Gains - Answers -Information processing speed and capability
-Selective, flexible, sustain, and planful attention
-Rehearive, organized, and elaborative memory
-Increase in inhibition (executive functioning)
Theory of Mind - Answers Understanding of factors that influence others' behaviors and beliefs
Second Order Belief - Answers Beliefs about beliefs
Recursive Thought - Answers Thinking about what someone else is thinking and then thinking about
what they think about you
Vocabulary - Answers Increased complexity and mastery of grammar
Pragmatics - Answers -Generate and graps jokes and irony
-Ability to adapt to listeners' needs
-Graps subtle cues and implications
-Greater capacity to generate narratives
Sequence of Reading Development - Answers 5-6: Recognize familiar written words, decodes simple,
one-syllable words, retells main events in order
6-7: Decodes regularly spelled one-syllable words, recognizes some irregular words
7-8: Grade-level stories
Phonics - Answers Learning the sounds of each letter, letter pairs, and letters in relation to words.
Essential to learning how to read
Whole Word Approach - Answers Learning to recognize words by image instead of learning how to
sound out words
IQ - Answers Becomes table by age six. Other aspects of intelligence still develop
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales - Answers Measures five intellectual factors: general knowledge,
quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory, basic information processing
Industry vs Inferiority - Answers 6-11. Innately motivated to gain new skills. Impacts self-esteem and
self-concept
Industry - Answers Sense of competence for skills and tasks, motivation for future learning
Inferiority - Answers Pessimism and lack of confidence, avoidance and anxiety towards new tasks
Self-Concept - Answers Observations of behaviors, internal states, and general dispositions. No longer
about specific behaviors or possessions
Influences - Answers Cognitive advances, social comparison, internalise others expectations
Self-Esteem - Answers How we think about our worthiness, slight decline from early childhood.
Through four categories: academic competence, social competence, athletic competence, physical
appearance (biggest)
Influences on Self-Esteem - Answers
ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Concrete Operational Stage - Answers 7-11. Thinking becomes more logical, flexible, and organized
Conservation - Answers Succeed at conversation tasks. capable of decentration and mental
reversibility of processes
Classification - Answers Understand hierarchy of characteristics
Seriation - Answers Able to classify objects based on shared characteristics
Transitive Inference - Answers Ability to mentally compare two objects based on their relationship to
a third. Needs to be in front of them at first
Spatial Reasoning - Answers Advances in cognitive maps. Can mentally rotate objects, organize
around landmarks, and focus on directionality
Limitations - Answers -Difficult solving abstract problems and hypotheticals
-Gradual mastery of concrete thinking
Critiques - Answers -Development is not universal
-Cultural variations
-Not just spontaneous development, but driven by adults and peers
Cognitive Gains - Answers -Information processing speed and capability
-Selective, flexible, sustain, and planful attention
-Rehearive, organized, and elaborative memory
-Increase in inhibition (executive functioning)
Theory of Mind - Answers Understanding of factors that influence others' behaviors and beliefs
Second Order Belief - Answers Beliefs about beliefs
Recursive Thought - Answers Thinking about what someone else is thinking and then thinking about
what they think about you
Vocabulary - Answers Increased complexity and mastery of grammar
Pragmatics - Answers -Generate and graps jokes and irony
-Ability to adapt to listeners' needs
-Graps subtle cues and implications
-Greater capacity to generate narratives
Sequence of Reading Development - Answers 5-6: Recognize familiar written words, decodes simple,
one-syllable words, retells main events in order
6-7: Decodes regularly spelled one-syllable words, recognizes some irregular words
7-8: Grade-level stories
Phonics - Answers Learning the sounds of each letter, letter pairs, and letters in relation to words.
Essential to learning how to read
Whole Word Approach - Answers Learning to recognize words by image instead of learning how to
sound out words
IQ - Answers Becomes table by age six. Other aspects of intelligence still develop
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales - Answers Measures five intellectual factors: general knowledge,
quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory, basic information processing
Industry vs Inferiority - Answers 6-11. Innately motivated to gain new skills. Impacts self-esteem and
self-concept
Industry - Answers Sense of competence for skills and tasks, motivation for future learning
Inferiority - Answers Pessimism and lack of confidence, avoidance and anxiety towards new tasks
Self-Concept - Answers Observations of behaviors, internal states, and general dispositions. No longer
about specific behaviors or possessions
Influences - Answers Cognitive advances, social comparison, internalise others expectations
Self-Esteem - Answers How we think about our worthiness, slight decline from early childhood.
Through four categories: academic competence, social competence, athletic competence, physical
appearance (biggest)
Influences on Self-Esteem - Answers
