NSG 101 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Incubation - Answers Infected, no symptoms.
Prodromal - Answers Vague/"I feel off." Most contagious.
Acute/illness - Answers Specific signs/symptoms.
Convalescence - Answers Improving/return to baseline.
Pressure injuries - Answers Impaired tissue integrity.
Stage 1 Pressure Injury - Answers Non-blanchable redness, skin intact.
Stage 2 Pressure Injury - Answers Partial-thickness skin loss (blister/abrasion).
Stage 3 Pressure Injury - Answers Full-thickness skin loss, subcutaneous fat visible.
Stage 4 Pressure Injury - Answers Bone/tendon/muscle visible.
Unstageable Pressure Injury - Answers Eschar/slough covering base.
Deep Tissue Injury (DTI) - Answers Deep red/purple, non-blanchable.
IntraDermal Injection - Answers Dainty angle 5-15°, 25-27 G, ¼-⅝″, bevel up (TB/allergy).
Subcutaneous Injection - Answers Pinch an inch → 90°; <1 inch → 45°, 25-27 G, ⅜-⅝″
(insulin/heparin).
Intramuscular Injection - Answers 90°, 18-25 G, 1-1½″ adult (deltoid ≤2 mL; ventrogluteal vastus
lateralis up to 3 mL).
Z-track Injection - Answers Used for irritating medications.
Chvostek Sign - Answers Tap cheek → facial twitch.
Trousseau Sign - Answers Inflate tourniquet/BP cuff → carpal spasm.
Hypoxemia - Answers Low O₂ in the blood (low PaO₂/SaO₂).
Hypoxia - Answers Low O₂ at the tissues (restlessness → confusion → bradycardia late).
Sputum Collection - Answers Rinse mouth with water (no mouthwash). Deep cough from lungs (not
saliva). Sterile cup, morning sample if possible, before antibiotics.
Kussmaul Respirations - Answers Deep/rapid breathing in metabolic acidosis (think DKA).
ABG Normals - Answers pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO₂ 35-45, HCO₃⁻ 22-26, PaO₂ 80-100, SaO₂ ≥95%.
Respiratory Acidosis - Answers ↓pH, ↑CO₂ (COPD, hypoventilation).
Respiratory Alkalosis - Answers ↑pH, ↓CO₂ (hyperventilation/anxiety).
Metabolic Acidosis - Answers ↓pH, ↓HCO₃⁻ (DKA, diarrhea) → Kussmaul.
Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers ↑pH, ↑HCO₃⁻ (vomiting, NG suction).
Sodium (Na⁺) - Answers 135-145 mEq/L.
Potassium (K⁺) - Answers 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
Spironolactone - Answers K⁺-sparing diuretic → HYPERkalemia risk.
Poor oral care - Answers Leads to mucus plugs and pneumonia risk; do frequent oral hygiene.
Airborne precautions - Answers N95, negative-pressure room, patient masked during transport; think
'MTV': Measles, TB, Varicella.
Droplet precautions - Answers Surgical mask within 3-6 ft, gown/gloves if splash; includes flu and
meningitis.
Contact precautions - Answers Gloves + gown, dedicated equipment; includes MRSA and VRE.
Contact-Spore precautions - Answers Gloves + gown, dedicated equipment; for C-diff, handwashing
with soap & water (NOT alcohol) and bleach-based cleaning.
Ecchymosis - Answers Bruising.
Clubbing - Answers Rounded, spongy nailbeds indicating chronic hypoxia (COPD).
Spoon nails (koilonychia) - Answers Indicates iron-deficiency anemia.
Clear liquid diet - Answers You can see through (broth, tea, juice w/o pulp, gelatin).
Full liquid diet - Answers Clear + dairy/cream-based & pudding/yogurt.
Soft diet - Answers Easy to chew.
Regular diet - Answers As tolerated.
Iron-deficiency treatment - Answers Take iron with Vitamin C (orange juice) to increase absorption;
avoid taking with milk/antacids.
Insomnia - Answers Sleep hygiene first (consistent schedule, no screens/caffeine late).
Sleep apnea - Answers Loud snoring, daytime somnolence; treated with CPAP, weight loss, and
avoiding alcohol/sedatives.
Narcolepsy - Answers Sudden daytime sleep; safety teaching (no driving if uncontrolled).
Parasomnias - Answers Includes sleepwalking/night terrors; ensure safe environment.
Anemia - Answers Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia.
Incubation - Answers Infected, no symptoms.
Prodromal - Answers Vague/"I feel off." Most contagious.
Acute/illness - Answers Specific signs/symptoms.
Convalescence - Answers Improving/return to baseline.
Pressure injuries - Answers Impaired tissue integrity.
Stage 1 Pressure Injury - Answers Non-blanchable redness, skin intact.
Stage 2 Pressure Injury - Answers Partial-thickness skin loss (blister/abrasion).
Stage 3 Pressure Injury - Answers Full-thickness skin loss, subcutaneous fat visible.
Stage 4 Pressure Injury - Answers Bone/tendon/muscle visible.
Unstageable Pressure Injury - Answers Eschar/slough covering base.
Deep Tissue Injury (DTI) - Answers Deep red/purple, non-blanchable.
IntraDermal Injection - Answers Dainty angle 5-15°, 25-27 G, ¼-⅝″, bevel up (TB/allergy).
Subcutaneous Injection - Answers Pinch an inch → 90°; <1 inch → 45°, 25-27 G, ⅜-⅝″
(insulin/heparin).
Intramuscular Injection - Answers 90°, 18-25 G, 1-1½″ adult (deltoid ≤2 mL; ventrogluteal vastus
lateralis up to 3 mL).
Z-track Injection - Answers Used for irritating medications.
Chvostek Sign - Answers Tap cheek → facial twitch.
Trousseau Sign - Answers Inflate tourniquet/BP cuff → carpal spasm.
Hypoxemia - Answers Low O₂ in the blood (low PaO₂/SaO₂).
Hypoxia - Answers Low O₂ at the tissues (restlessness → confusion → bradycardia late).
Sputum Collection - Answers Rinse mouth with water (no mouthwash). Deep cough from lungs (not
saliva). Sterile cup, morning sample if possible, before antibiotics.
Kussmaul Respirations - Answers Deep/rapid breathing in metabolic acidosis (think DKA).
ABG Normals - Answers pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO₂ 35-45, HCO₃⁻ 22-26, PaO₂ 80-100, SaO₂ ≥95%.
Respiratory Acidosis - Answers ↓pH, ↑CO₂ (COPD, hypoventilation).
Respiratory Alkalosis - Answers ↑pH, ↓CO₂ (hyperventilation/anxiety).
Metabolic Acidosis - Answers ↓pH, ↓HCO₃⁻ (DKA, diarrhea) → Kussmaul.
Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers ↑pH, ↑HCO₃⁻ (vomiting, NG suction).
Sodium (Na⁺) - Answers 135-145 mEq/L.
Potassium (K⁺) - Answers 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
Spironolactone - Answers K⁺-sparing diuretic → HYPERkalemia risk.
Poor oral care - Answers Leads to mucus plugs and pneumonia risk; do frequent oral hygiene.
Airborne precautions - Answers N95, negative-pressure room, patient masked during transport; think
'MTV': Measles, TB, Varicella.
Droplet precautions - Answers Surgical mask within 3-6 ft, gown/gloves if splash; includes flu and
meningitis.
Contact precautions - Answers Gloves + gown, dedicated equipment; includes MRSA and VRE.
Contact-Spore precautions - Answers Gloves + gown, dedicated equipment; for C-diff, handwashing
with soap & water (NOT alcohol) and bleach-based cleaning.
Ecchymosis - Answers Bruising.
Clubbing - Answers Rounded, spongy nailbeds indicating chronic hypoxia (COPD).
Spoon nails (koilonychia) - Answers Indicates iron-deficiency anemia.
Clear liquid diet - Answers You can see through (broth, tea, juice w/o pulp, gelatin).
Full liquid diet - Answers Clear + dairy/cream-based & pudding/yogurt.
Soft diet - Answers Easy to chew.
Regular diet - Answers As tolerated.
Iron-deficiency treatment - Answers Take iron with Vitamin C (orange juice) to increase absorption;
avoid taking with milk/antacids.
Insomnia - Answers Sleep hygiene first (consistent schedule, no screens/caffeine late).
Sleep apnea - Answers Loud snoring, daytime somnolence; treated with CPAP, weight loss, and
avoiding alcohol/sedatives.
Narcolepsy - Answers Sudden daytime sleep; safety teaching (no driving if uncontrolled).
Parasomnias - Answers Includes sleepwalking/night terrors; ensure safe environment.
Anemia - Answers Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia.
