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NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology – Midterm
Exam Prep Questions and Verified Answers
(Compiled from 2025/2026 Sources)
Topic 1: Hypersensitivity & Immunology
1. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system?
• Correct Answer: Neutrophils
2. Hives (urticaria) are an example of a:
• Correct Answer: Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
3. Allergic contact dermatitis (e.g., from poison ivy) is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
• Correct Answer: Type 4
4. A patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction is having which type of hypersensitivity
response?
• Correct Answer: Type 1
5. Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions are primarily mediated by which immunoglobulins?
• Correct Answer: IgG or IgM
6. Which cells are the primary effectors involved in a Type 2 (cytotoxic) reaction?
,2
• Correct Answer: Macrophages
7. Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism) is a classic example of a disorder that alters function
without destroying tissue. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction does it represent?
• Correct Answer: Type 2
8. An incompatible blood transfusion reaction, where transfused erythrocytes are destroyed,
is mediated by which hypersensitivity type?
• Correct Answer: Type 2
9. In Type 2 hypersensitivity, where does the antibody bind?
• Correct Answer: To an antigen on the surface of a specific target cell (tissue-
specific)
10. In Type 3 hypersensitivity, where does the antibody bind?
• Correct Answer: To a soluble antigen that was released into the blood or body
fluids
11. Which of the following diseases is associated with Type 3 hypersensitivity due to the
deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the joints?
• Correct Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis
12. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is primarily associated with which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
,3
• Correct Answer: Type 3
13. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is T-cell mediated and does not involve
antibodies?
• Correct Answer: Type 4
14. The rash from a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., atopic dermatitis) is typically
characterized by:
• Correct Answer: Widely distributed lesions
15. The rash from a Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., contact dermatitis) is typically
characterized by:
• Correct Answer: Lesions only at the site of contact with the allergen
16. What is the key determinant for differentiating between the rash of a Type 1 and a Type 4
reaction?
• Correct Answer: The timing of the rash (Type 1 is immediate; Type 4 is delayed by
several days)
17. A non-severe case of allergic contact dermatitis (Type 4) is best treated with which type of
medication?
• Correct Answer: Topical corticosteroids
18. Epinephrine is the main treatment for anaphylaxis. Why is it not used for a localized Type
4 contact dermatitis rash?
, 4
• Correct Answer: Type 4 reactions do not involve mast cell degranulation or H1
receptors, which are the targets of epinephrine and antihistamines .
19. Which medication is the primary treatment for a severe Type 1 anaphylactic reaction?
• Correct Answer: Epinephrine
20. The immune system change most associated with Sjögren's syndrome is:
• Correct Answer: Autoantibodies and auto-reactive T-cells against apoptotic cells
21. A renal disease most often associated with autoimmunity is:
• Correct Answer: Glomerulonephritis
22. Most patients diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) will have a positive
test for:
• Correct Answer: Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
23. Which of the following assessment findings supports a diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
(RA)?
• Correct Answer: Swollen metacarpophalangeal joints
24. The pathophysiology of SLE includes all of the following EXCEPT:
• Correct Answer: (Contextual answer derived from source) The options would
include "tissue inflammation, vasculitis, and rash," which ARE present. A non-
characteristic feature would be the correct answer .
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology – Midterm
Exam Prep Questions and Verified Answers
(Compiled from 2025/2026 Sources)
Topic 1: Hypersensitivity & Immunology
1. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system?
• Correct Answer: Neutrophils
2. Hives (urticaria) are an example of a:
• Correct Answer: Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
3. Allergic contact dermatitis (e.g., from poison ivy) is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
• Correct Answer: Type 4
4. A patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction is having which type of hypersensitivity
response?
• Correct Answer: Type 1
5. Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions are primarily mediated by which immunoglobulins?
• Correct Answer: IgG or IgM
6. Which cells are the primary effectors involved in a Type 2 (cytotoxic) reaction?
,2
• Correct Answer: Macrophages
7. Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism) is a classic example of a disorder that alters function
without destroying tissue. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction does it represent?
• Correct Answer: Type 2
8. An incompatible blood transfusion reaction, where transfused erythrocytes are destroyed,
is mediated by which hypersensitivity type?
• Correct Answer: Type 2
9. In Type 2 hypersensitivity, where does the antibody bind?
• Correct Answer: To an antigen on the surface of a specific target cell (tissue-
specific)
10. In Type 3 hypersensitivity, where does the antibody bind?
• Correct Answer: To a soluble antigen that was released into the blood or body
fluids
11. Which of the following diseases is associated with Type 3 hypersensitivity due to the
deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the joints?
• Correct Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis
12. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is primarily associated with which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
,3
• Correct Answer: Type 3
13. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is T-cell mediated and does not involve
antibodies?
• Correct Answer: Type 4
14. The rash from a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., atopic dermatitis) is typically
characterized by:
• Correct Answer: Widely distributed lesions
15. The rash from a Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., contact dermatitis) is typically
characterized by:
• Correct Answer: Lesions only at the site of contact with the allergen
16. What is the key determinant for differentiating between the rash of a Type 1 and a Type 4
reaction?
• Correct Answer: The timing of the rash (Type 1 is immediate; Type 4 is delayed by
several days)
17. A non-severe case of allergic contact dermatitis (Type 4) is best treated with which type of
medication?
• Correct Answer: Topical corticosteroids
18. Epinephrine is the main treatment for anaphylaxis. Why is it not used for a localized Type
4 contact dermatitis rash?
, 4
• Correct Answer: Type 4 reactions do not involve mast cell degranulation or H1
receptors, which are the targets of epinephrine and antihistamines .
19. Which medication is the primary treatment for a severe Type 1 anaphylactic reaction?
• Correct Answer: Epinephrine
20. The immune system change most associated with Sjögren's syndrome is:
• Correct Answer: Autoantibodies and auto-reactive T-cells against apoptotic cells
21. A renal disease most often associated with autoimmunity is:
• Correct Answer: Glomerulonephritis
22. Most patients diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) will have a positive
test for:
• Correct Answer: Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
23. Which of the following assessment findings supports a diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
(RA)?
• Correct Answer: Swollen metacarpophalangeal joints
24. The pathophysiology of SLE includes all of the following EXCEPT:
• Correct Answer: (Contextual answer derived from source) The options would
include "tissue inflammation, vasculitis, and rash," which ARE present. A non-
characteristic feature would be the correct answer .
