PEDIATRICS HESI PRACTICE EXAM (EVOLVE) TEST BANK
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+ NEW!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The nurse is assessing the coping behaviors of the parents whose child has been
recently diagnosed with a chronic illness. What reaction by the parents is a positive
step in the ability to cope with this new situation?
a. Endowing the illness with meaning.
b. Refusing to believe the child is ill.
c. Entertaining an unrealistic future plan for the child.
d. Placing complete faith in religion to the point of relinquishing responsibility. -
ANS... -a. Endowing the illness with meaning.
Coping mechanisms are behaviors directed at reducing the tension elicited by a
crisis. Approach behaviors are coping mechanisms resulting in movement toward
adjustment and resolution of the crisis. The parents' ability to assign the illness
meaning within an existing medical, scientific, or spiritual philosophy of life is a
long-term coping strategy significantly related to successful family functioning.
A nurse who is working in the Poison Control Center receives a telephone call
from a parent of a 16-month-old child who drank 2 ounces of acetaminophen
elixir. Which action should the nurse recommend to the parent?
a. Administer oral syrup of ipecac.
b. Give the child a glass of whole milk.
c. Transport the child to the emergency department for gastric decontamination.
d. Obtain oral activated charcoal tablets from the pharmacy. - ANS... -c. Transport
the child to the emergency department for gastric decontamination.
Each 5 mL of elixir contains 160 mg of acetaminophen. This child has ingested
twice the maximum recommended 24-hour dose, which can cause acetaminophen
toxicity. The parent should transport the child to the emergency department for
,gastrointestinal decontamination and the possible administration of the antidote,
acetylcysteine. Overdosing of acetaminophen can cause serious liver damage.
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parent who
reports that the child has been pointing at his stomach and saying, "It hurts so bad."
Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use?
a. Descriptor Scale.
b. Brief Pain Inventory.
c. A numeric rating scale.
d. Wong-Baker FACES Scale. - ANS... -d. Wong-Baker FACES Scale.
A pain rating scale using pictures, such as the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, allows
the child to choose a facial expression that shows "how much hurt you have now"
and should be used for a preschool-aged child.
An infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip is placed in a Pavlik harness.
Which instructions should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the parents?
a. Apply lotion or powder to minimize skin irritation.
b. Put clothing over the harness for maximum effectiveness.
c. Check for red areas under the straps two to three times a day.
d. Use a thin absorbent disposable diaper over the harness. - ANS... -c. Check for
red areas under the straps two to three times a day.
The Pavlik harness, which maintains the hips in abduction, is the most widely used
device for developmental dysplasia of the hip. An infant who continuously wears a
Pavlik harness is at risk for skin breakdown, so parents should be instructed to
check two to three times a day for red areas under clothing and harness straps. To
avoid direct contact with the skin, clothing and diapers should be placed under the
straps.
During a well-child assessment, the parents of a 4-year-old express concern that
their child often chatters while playing alone. What information should the nurse
provide the parents?
a. The child is attempting to formulate a secondary language.
b. This is an attempt by the child to form an imaginary social base.
c. "Private speech" is normal at this age and serves as a problem-solving tool.
,d. Concern for psychological development is warranted, so further testing is
required. - ANS... -c. "Private speech" is normal at this age and serves as a
problem-solving tool.
Children chatter to themselves between the ages of 4 and 6 years. This "private
speech" serves as a problem-solving tool as children try new tasks or work through
unfamiliar situations.
A nurse reviews the methods for preventing recurring urinary tract infections (UTI)
with the parent of a female child. Which response by the parent indicates that
further teaching is needed in caring for the child?
a. States they will buy the child only nylon underclothes.
b. Increases oral fluids and encourages the child to void frequently.
c. Provides the child with cotton underwear for daily use.
d. Teaches the child to cleanse the perineal area from front to back. - ANS... -a.
States they will buy the child only nylon underclothes.
Nylon underwear traps moisture and can contribute to bacterial growth, thus the
parent's statement indicates the need for further teaching.
The mother of a 2-month-old reports that she often lets the baby cry in the middle
of the night instead of going to pick up or sooth the infant. What information
should the nurse provide the mother?
a. Picking up the infant in the middle of the night fosters dependency on the
mother.
b. A sense of trust is developed in an infant when others respond to the infant's cry.
c. An infant is learning to manipulate others when the infant is picked up
unnecessarily.
d. A 2-month-old who does not sleep through the night should be evaluated further.
- ANS... -b. A sense of trust is developed in an infant when others respond to the
infant's cry.
According to Erikson, a crucial element in the developmental stage of the infant is
"Trust versus mistrust", which is nurtured when the mother or the primary
caregiver is responsive and consistent in responding to the infant's needs and cries.
, The parents of a child with autism ask the nurse if they could help them to better
understand the disorder. Which information best describes autism spectrum
disorder?
a. Obsession with moving objects.
b. Repetitive patterns of behavior.
c. A neurobehavioral disorder diagnosed after assessment in two areas: social
communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior.
d. Stereotypic movements and speech patterns. - ANS... -c. A neurobehavioral
disorder diagnosed after assessment in two areas: social communication and
interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior.
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown origin.
Diagnosis is based on two behavioral domains: difficulties in social
communication and social interaction and unusually restricted, repetitive behavior,
interest, or activities.
The low birthweight (LBW) infant requires a neutral thermal environment. Which
action should the nurse implement?
a. Use wool blankets for covers.
b. Avoid using disposable diapers.
c. Maintain a temperature-controlled, high-humidity atmosphere.
d. Continue cool oxygenation via a hood. - ANS... -c. Maintain a temperature-
controlled, high-humidity atmosphere.
A temperature-controlled neutral thermal environment with high humidity provides
adequate warmth so the LBW infant can maintain a normal core temperature with
minimum oxygen consumption and caloric expenditure. LBW infants are
especially vulnerable to temperature instability since they are usually premature
and neurologically have difficulty maintaining their temperature. Their skin has not
matured enough to provide adequate protection from heat and water loss. A high-
humidity atmosphere in an incubator contributes to body homeostasis by reducing
evaporative heat loss and insensible water loss. The three primary methods for
maintaining a neutral thermal environment are the use of an incubator, a radiant
warmer, and an open bassinet with cotton blankets. Microenvironments for
humidification can include items such as food-grade plastic bags or plastic wrap,
humidified reservoirs for incubators, and humidified plastic heat shields covered
with plastic wrap.
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+ NEW!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The nurse is assessing the coping behaviors of the parents whose child has been
recently diagnosed with a chronic illness. What reaction by the parents is a positive
step in the ability to cope with this new situation?
a. Endowing the illness with meaning.
b. Refusing to believe the child is ill.
c. Entertaining an unrealistic future plan for the child.
d. Placing complete faith in religion to the point of relinquishing responsibility. -
ANS... -a. Endowing the illness with meaning.
Coping mechanisms are behaviors directed at reducing the tension elicited by a
crisis. Approach behaviors are coping mechanisms resulting in movement toward
adjustment and resolution of the crisis. The parents' ability to assign the illness
meaning within an existing medical, scientific, or spiritual philosophy of life is a
long-term coping strategy significantly related to successful family functioning.
A nurse who is working in the Poison Control Center receives a telephone call
from a parent of a 16-month-old child who drank 2 ounces of acetaminophen
elixir. Which action should the nurse recommend to the parent?
a. Administer oral syrup of ipecac.
b. Give the child a glass of whole milk.
c. Transport the child to the emergency department for gastric decontamination.
d. Obtain oral activated charcoal tablets from the pharmacy. - ANS... -c. Transport
the child to the emergency department for gastric decontamination.
Each 5 mL of elixir contains 160 mg of acetaminophen. This child has ingested
twice the maximum recommended 24-hour dose, which can cause acetaminophen
toxicity. The parent should transport the child to the emergency department for
,gastrointestinal decontamination and the possible administration of the antidote,
acetylcysteine. Overdosing of acetaminophen can cause serious liver damage.
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parent who
reports that the child has been pointing at his stomach and saying, "It hurts so bad."
Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use?
a. Descriptor Scale.
b. Brief Pain Inventory.
c. A numeric rating scale.
d. Wong-Baker FACES Scale. - ANS... -d. Wong-Baker FACES Scale.
A pain rating scale using pictures, such as the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, allows
the child to choose a facial expression that shows "how much hurt you have now"
and should be used for a preschool-aged child.
An infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip is placed in a Pavlik harness.
Which instructions should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the parents?
a. Apply lotion or powder to minimize skin irritation.
b. Put clothing over the harness for maximum effectiveness.
c. Check for red areas under the straps two to three times a day.
d. Use a thin absorbent disposable diaper over the harness. - ANS... -c. Check for
red areas under the straps two to three times a day.
The Pavlik harness, which maintains the hips in abduction, is the most widely used
device for developmental dysplasia of the hip. An infant who continuously wears a
Pavlik harness is at risk for skin breakdown, so parents should be instructed to
check two to three times a day for red areas under clothing and harness straps. To
avoid direct contact with the skin, clothing and diapers should be placed under the
straps.
During a well-child assessment, the parents of a 4-year-old express concern that
their child often chatters while playing alone. What information should the nurse
provide the parents?
a. The child is attempting to formulate a secondary language.
b. This is an attempt by the child to form an imaginary social base.
c. "Private speech" is normal at this age and serves as a problem-solving tool.
,d. Concern for psychological development is warranted, so further testing is
required. - ANS... -c. "Private speech" is normal at this age and serves as a
problem-solving tool.
Children chatter to themselves between the ages of 4 and 6 years. This "private
speech" serves as a problem-solving tool as children try new tasks or work through
unfamiliar situations.
A nurse reviews the methods for preventing recurring urinary tract infections (UTI)
with the parent of a female child. Which response by the parent indicates that
further teaching is needed in caring for the child?
a. States they will buy the child only nylon underclothes.
b. Increases oral fluids and encourages the child to void frequently.
c. Provides the child with cotton underwear for daily use.
d. Teaches the child to cleanse the perineal area from front to back. - ANS... -a.
States they will buy the child only nylon underclothes.
Nylon underwear traps moisture and can contribute to bacterial growth, thus the
parent's statement indicates the need for further teaching.
The mother of a 2-month-old reports that she often lets the baby cry in the middle
of the night instead of going to pick up or sooth the infant. What information
should the nurse provide the mother?
a. Picking up the infant in the middle of the night fosters dependency on the
mother.
b. A sense of trust is developed in an infant when others respond to the infant's cry.
c. An infant is learning to manipulate others when the infant is picked up
unnecessarily.
d. A 2-month-old who does not sleep through the night should be evaluated further.
- ANS... -b. A sense of trust is developed in an infant when others respond to the
infant's cry.
According to Erikson, a crucial element in the developmental stage of the infant is
"Trust versus mistrust", which is nurtured when the mother or the primary
caregiver is responsive and consistent in responding to the infant's needs and cries.
, The parents of a child with autism ask the nurse if they could help them to better
understand the disorder. Which information best describes autism spectrum
disorder?
a. Obsession with moving objects.
b. Repetitive patterns of behavior.
c. A neurobehavioral disorder diagnosed after assessment in two areas: social
communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior.
d. Stereotypic movements and speech patterns. - ANS... -c. A neurobehavioral
disorder diagnosed after assessment in two areas: social communication and
interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior.
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown origin.
Diagnosis is based on two behavioral domains: difficulties in social
communication and social interaction and unusually restricted, repetitive behavior,
interest, or activities.
The low birthweight (LBW) infant requires a neutral thermal environment. Which
action should the nurse implement?
a. Use wool blankets for covers.
b. Avoid using disposable diapers.
c. Maintain a temperature-controlled, high-humidity atmosphere.
d. Continue cool oxygenation via a hood. - ANS... -c. Maintain a temperature-
controlled, high-humidity atmosphere.
A temperature-controlled neutral thermal environment with high humidity provides
adequate warmth so the LBW infant can maintain a normal core temperature with
minimum oxygen consumption and caloric expenditure. LBW infants are
especially vulnerable to temperature instability since they are usually premature
and neurologically have difficulty maintaining their temperature. Their skin has not
matured enough to provide adequate protection from heat and water loss. A high-
humidity atmosphere in an incubator contributes to body homeostasis by reducing
evaporative heat loss and insensible water loss. The three primary methods for
maintaining a neutral thermal environment are the use of an incubator, a radiant
warmer, and an open bassinet with cotton blankets. Microenvironments for
humidification can include items such as food-grade plastic bags or plastic wrap,
humidified reservoirs for incubators, and humidified plastic heat shields covered
with plastic wrap.
