TEST BANK for Human Learning
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER 1
PERSPECTIVES ON LEARNING
Multiple Choice Questions
Human beings undoubtedly learn more during the course of a lifetime than
any other species on earth. The major result of this capacity to learn is that:
New instincts begin to emerge.
Human thought becomes less logical with each generation.
Humans can benefit from their experiences.
Humans are the only species whose behavior cannot be analyzed in
terms of stimuli and responses.
Three of the following are examples of learning. Which one is not?
Abigail cries when she steps on a sharp pebble.
After many hours of heated debate, Brian begins to advocate
political practices he has previously opposed.
Cara suddenly recognizes how the division fact ―24 ’ 4 = 6‖ is related
to the multiplication fact ―6 x 4 = 24.‖
David has been running away from German shepherds ever since he
was bitten by a German shepherd two years ago.
Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in
kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is
this an instance of learning?
Yes, because her behavior has changed.
No, because the circumstances are too dissimilar.
Maybe, although the change may simply be due to
physiological maturation.
Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accurately.
2
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Three of the following illustrate various ways that learning might be
reflected in a person‘s behavior. Which one of the following changes does not
necessarily reflect learning?
Althoughxit‘sxaxschoolxnight,xDeanxplaysxvideoxgamesxuntilxwellxpastx
hisxusualxbedtime.xAsxhexbecomesxmorextired,xhexfindsxitxincreasinglyx
difficultxtoxconcentratexonxwhatxhe‘sxdoing.
Evenxasxaxyoungxchild,xJerryxcouldxtellxyouxthatxhisxgrandparen
tsximmigratedxtoxthexUnitedxStatesxfromxIreland.xButxafterxaxco
nversationxwithxhisxgrandmother,xhexcanxnowxdescribexthexcircu
mstancesxofxthexfamily‘sximmigrationxinxconsiderablexdetail.
Dayxafterxday,xMartinxpracticesxhisxbasketballxskillsx (shooting,xdribbli
ng,xetc.)xonxaxbasketballxcourtxatxaxlocalxpark.xWithxeachxpracticexsessi
on,xhisxmovementsxbecomexfasterxandxsmoother.
Lewisxoccasionallyxasksxforxhelpxwhenxhexhasxdifficultyxwithxhisxclas
swork,xbutxmostxofxthextimexhexjustxstrugglesxquietlyxonxhisxown.xAft
erxhisxteacherxassuresxhimxthatxaskingxforxhelpxisxnotxaxsignxofxweakn
essxorxinability,xhexbeginsxaskingxforxhelpxmuchxmorexfrequently.
x researchxexaminesxlearningxinxtightlyxcontrolledxsettingsxand
x researchxexaminesxlearningxinxreal-worldxsettings.
Applied;xBasicxBasi
c;xQualitativexQuali
tative;xAppliedxBasi
c;xApplied
Axprinciplexofxlearningxcanxbestxbexcharacterizedxas:
Axdescriptionxofxthexresultsxofxaxparticularxresearchxstudy
Axstatementxthatxdescribesxhowxaxparticularxfactorxaffectsxlearning
Thexmeasurementxofxhowxmuchxlearningxhasxoccurredxinx
axparticularxsituation
Anxexplanationxofxthexunderlyingxprocessesxthroughxwhichxlearningxoccurs
Axtheoryxofxlearningxcanxbestxbexcharacterizedxas:
Axdescriptionxofxthexresultsxofxaxparticularxresearchxstudy
Axstatementxthatxdescribesxhowxaxparticularxfactorxaffectsxlearning
Thexmeasurementxofxhowxmuchxlearningxhasxoccurredxinx
axparticularxsituation
Anxexplanationxofxthexunderlyingxprocessesxthroughxwhichxlearningxoccurs
3
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Threexofxthexfollowingxarexprinciplesxofxlearning.xWhichxonexisxaxtheory
ofxlearningxratherxthanxaxprinciple?
Axbehaviorxthatxisxfollowedxbyxpunishmentxdecreasesxinxfrequency.
Peoplexlearnxbyxmakingxmentalxassociationsxbetweenxnewxinformati
onxandxtheirxexistingxknowledge.
Axresponsexthatxisxrewardedxeveryxtimexitxoccursxincreasesxmo
rexrapidlyxthanxaxresponsexthatxisxonlyxoccasionallyxrewarded.
Studentsxtendxtoxrememberxmorexofxaxlecturexifxtheyxtakexnotesxo
nxthexlecture‘sxcontent.
Whichxonexofxthexfollowingxcommonxsayingsxbestxreflectsxthexconce
ptxofxintrospection?
―Wherexthere‘sxaxwill,xthere‘sxaxway.‖
―Nothingxventured,xnothingxgained.‖
―Axpennyxforxyourxthoughts.‖
―Oldxhabitsxdiexhard.‖
Whichxonexofxthexfollowingxcommonxsayingsxbestxreflectsxthexba
sicxpremisexunderlyingxsocialxlearningxtheory?
―Monkeyxsee,xmonkeyxdo.‖
―Sparexthexrodxandxspoilxthexchild.‖
―Axfriendxinxneedxisxaxfriendxindeed.‖
―Axrollingxstonexgathersxnoxmoss.‖
Whichxonexofxthexfollowingxstatementsxprovidesxthexmostxcrediblexexpl
anationxforxthexfactxthatxhumanxbeingsxseemxtoxsurpassxallxotherxanimalxs
peciesxinxtheirxthinkingxandxlearningxcapacities?
Onlyxhumanxbeingsxhavexthexcapabilityxtoxmakextools.
Humansxcommunicatexregularlyxwithxonexanotherxand,xinxdoingxs
o,xpassxalongxwhatxthey‘vexlearnedxtoxfuturexgenerations.
Humanxbeingsxhavexaxhugexrepertoirexofxinstinctualxbehaviorsxfro
mxwhichxtheyxcanxdrawxwhenxtheyxencounterxnewxexperiences.
Humanxbrainsxarexsmallerxthanxthosexofxotherxintelligentxspeciesx(e.g.
,xelephants,xdolphins)xandxthereforexcanxtransmitxmessagesxmorexquic
klyxandxefficiently.
4
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER 1
PERSPECTIVES ON LEARNING
Multiple Choice Questions
Human beings undoubtedly learn more during the course of a lifetime than
any other species on earth. The major result of this capacity to learn is that:
New instincts begin to emerge.
Human thought becomes less logical with each generation.
Humans can benefit from their experiences.
Humans are the only species whose behavior cannot be analyzed in
terms of stimuli and responses.
Three of the following are examples of learning. Which one is not?
Abigail cries when she steps on a sharp pebble.
After many hours of heated debate, Brian begins to advocate
political practices he has previously opposed.
Cara suddenly recognizes how the division fact ―24 ’ 4 = 6‖ is related
to the multiplication fact ―6 x 4 = 24.‖
David has been running away from German shepherds ever since he
was bitten by a German shepherd two years ago.
Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in
kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is
this an instance of learning?
Yes, because her behavior has changed.
No, because the circumstances are too dissimilar.
Maybe, although the change may simply be due to
physiological maturation.
Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accurately.
2
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Three of the following illustrate various ways that learning might be
reflected in a person‘s behavior. Which one of the following changes does not
necessarily reflect learning?
Althoughxit‘sxaxschoolxnight,xDeanxplaysxvideoxgamesxuntilxwellxpastx
hisxusualxbedtime.xAsxhexbecomesxmorextired,xhexfindsxitxincreasinglyx
difficultxtoxconcentratexonxwhatxhe‘sxdoing.
Evenxasxaxyoungxchild,xJerryxcouldxtellxyouxthatxhisxgrandparen
tsximmigratedxtoxthexUnitedxStatesxfromxIreland.xButxafterxaxco
nversationxwithxhisxgrandmother,xhexcanxnowxdescribexthexcircu
mstancesxofxthexfamily‘sximmigrationxinxconsiderablexdetail.
Dayxafterxday,xMartinxpracticesxhisxbasketballxskillsx (shooting,xdribbli
ng,xetc.)xonxaxbasketballxcourtxatxaxlocalxpark.xWithxeachxpracticexsessi
on,xhisxmovementsxbecomexfasterxandxsmoother.
Lewisxoccasionallyxasksxforxhelpxwhenxhexhasxdifficultyxwithxhisxclas
swork,xbutxmostxofxthextimexhexjustxstrugglesxquietlyxonxhisxown.xAft
erxhisxteacherxassuresxhimxthatxaskingxforxhelpxisxnotxaxsignxofxweakn
essxorxinability,xhexbeginsxaskingxforxhelpxmuchxmorexfrequently.
x researchxexaminesxlearningxinxtightlyxcontrolledxsettingsxand
x researchxexaminesxlearningxinxreal-worldxsettings.
Applied;xBasicxBasi
c;xQualitativexQuali
tative;xAppliedxBasi
c;xApplied
Axprinciplexofxlearningxcanxbestxbexcharacterizedxas:
Axdescriptionxofxthexresultsxofxaxparticularxresearchxstudy
Axstatementxthatxdescribesxhowxaxparticularxfactorxaffectsxlearning
Thexmeasurementxofxhowxmuchxlearningxhasxoccurredxinx
axparticularxsituation
Anxexplanationxofxthexunderlyingxprocessesxthroughxwhichxlearningxoccurs
Axtheoryxofxlearningxcanxbestxbexcharacterizedxas:
Axdescriptionxofxthexresultsxofxaxparticularxresearchxstudy
Axstatementxthatxdescribesxhowxaxparticularxfactorxaffectsxlearning
Thexmeasurementxofxhowxmuchxlearningxhasxoccurredxinx
axparticularxsituation
Anxexplanationxofxthexunderlyingxprocessesxthroughxwhichxlearningxoccurs
3
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Threexofxthexfollowingxarexprinciplesxofxlearning.xWhichxonexisxaxtheory
ofxlearningxratherxthanxaxprinciple?
Axbehaviorxthatxisxfollowedxbyxpunishmentxdecreasesxinxfrequency.
Peoplexlearnxbyxmakingxmentalxassociationsxbetweenxnewxinformati
onxandxtheirxexistingxknowledge.
Axresponsexthatxisxrewardedxeveryxtimexitxoccursxincreasesxmo
rexrapidlyxthanxaxresponsexthatxisxonlyxoccasionallyxrewarded.
Studentsxtendxtoxrememberxmorexofxaxlecturexifxtheyxtakexnotesxo
nxthexlecture‘sxcontent.
Whichxonexofxthexfollowingxcommonxsayingsxbestxreflectsxthexconce
ptxofxintrospection?
―Wherexthere‘sxaxwill,xthere‘sxaxway.‖
―Nothingxventured,xnothingxgained.‖
―Axpennyxforxyourxthoughts.‖
―Oldxhabitsxdiexhard.‖
Whichxonexofxthexfollowingxcommonxsayingsxbestxreflectsxthexba
sicxpremisexunderlyingxsocialxlearningxtheory?
―Monkeyxsee,xmonkeyxdo.‖
―Sparexthexrodxandxspoilxthexchild.‖
―Axfriendxinxneedxisxaxfriendxindeed.‖
―Axrollingxstonexgathersxnoxmoss.‖
Whichxonexofxthexfollowingxstatementsxprovidesxthexmostxcrediblexexpl
anationxforxthexfactxthatxhumanxbeingsxseemxtoxsurpassxallxotherxanimalxs
peciesxinxtheirxthinkingxandxlearningxcapacities?
Onlyxhumanxbeingsxhavexthexcapabilityxtoxmakextools.
Humansxcommunicatexregularlyxwithxonexanotherxand,xinxdoingxs
o,xpassxalongxwhatxthey‘vexlearnedxtoxfuturexgenerations.
Humanxbeingsxhavexaxhugexrepertoirexofxinstinctualxbehaviorsxfro
mxwhichxtheyxcanxdrawxwhenxtheyxencounterxnewxexperiences.
Humanxbrainsxarexsmallerxthanxthosexofxotherxintelligentxspeciesx(e.g.
,xelephants,xdolphins)xandxthereforexcanxtransmitxmessagesxmorexquic
klyxandxefficiently.
4
