TEST BANK for Human Learning
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER 1
PERSPECTIVES ON LEARNING
Multiple Choice Questions
Human beings undoubtedly learn more during the course of a lifetime than
any other species on earth. The major result of this capacity to learn is that:
New instincts begin to emerge.
Human thought becomes less logical with each generation.
Humans can benefit from their experiences.
Humans are the only species whose behavior cannot be analyzed in
terms of stimuli and responses.
Three of the following are examples of learning. Which one is not?
Abigail cries when she steps on a sharp pebble.
After many hours of heated debate, Brian begins to advocate
political practices he has previously opposed.
Cara suddenly recognizes how the division fact ―24 ’ 4 = 6‖ is related
to the multiplication fact ―6 x 4 = 24.‖
David has been running away from German shepherds ever since he
was bitten by a German shepherd two years ago.
Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in
kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is
this an instance of learning?
Yes, because her behavior has changed.
No, because the circumstances are too dissimilar.
Maybe, although the change may simply be due to
physiological maturation.
Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accurately.
2
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Three of the following illustrate various ways that learning might be
reflected in a person‘s behavior. Which one of the following changes does not
necessarily reflect learning?
Althoughcit‘scacschoolcnight,cDeancplayscvideocgamescuntilcwellcpastch
iscusualcbedtime.cAschecbecomescmorectired,checfindscitcincreasinglycdif
ficultctocconcentrateconcwhatche‘scdoing.
Evencascacyoungcchild,cJerryccouldctellcyoucthatchiscgrandparent
scimmigratedctocthecUnitedcStatescfromcIreland.cButcaftercacconv
ersationcwithchiscgrandmother,checcancnowcdescribectheccircums
tancescofcthecfamily‘scimmigrationcincconsiderablecdetail.
Daycaftercday,cMartincpracticeschiscbasketballcskillsc (shooting,cdribblin
g,cetc.)concacbasketballccourtcatcaclocalcpark.cWithceachcpracticecsessio
n,chiscmovementscbecomecfastercandcsmoother.
Lewiscoccasionallycaskscforchelpcwhenchechascdifficultycwithchiscclass
work,cbutcmostcofcthectimechecjustcstrugglescquietlyconchiscown.cAfter
chiscteachercassureschimcthatcaskingcforchelpciscnotcacsigncofcweakness
corcinability,checbeginscaskingcforchelpcmuchcmorecfrequently.
c researchcexaminesclearningcinctightlyccontrolledcsettingscand
c researchcexaminesclearningcincreal-worldcsettings.
Applied;cBasiccBasi
c;cQualitativecQualit
ative;cAppliedcBasic
;cApplied
Acprinciplecofclearningccancbestcbeccharacterizedcas:
Acdescriptioncofcthecresultscofcacparticularcresearchcstudy
Acstatementcthatcdescribeschowcacparticularcfactorcaffectsclearning
Thecmeasurementcofchowcmuchclearningchascoccurredcincac
particularcsituation
Ancexplanationcofcthecunderlyingcprocessescthroughcwhichclearningcoccurs
Actheorycofclearningccancbestcbeccharacterizedcas:
Acdescriptioncofcthecresultscofcacparticularcresearchcstudy
Acstatementcthatcdescribeschowcacparticularcfactorcaffectsclearning
Thecmeasurementcofchowcmuchclearningchascoccurredcincac
particularcsituation
Ancexplanationcofcthecunderlyingcprocessescthroughcwhichclearningcoccurs
3
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Threecofcthecfollowingcarecprinciplescofclearning.cWhichconeciscactheory
ofclearningcrathercthancacprinciple?
Acbehaviorcthatciscfollowedcbycpunishmentcdecreasescincfrequency.
Peopleclearncbycmakingcmentalcassociationscbetweencnewcinformatio
ncandctheircexistingcknowledge.
Acresponsecthatciscrewardedceveryctimecitcoccurscincreasescmor
ecrapidlycthancacresponsecthatcisconlycoccasionallycrewarded.
Studentsctendctocremembercmorecofcaclecturecifctheyctakecnotesconct
heclecture‘sccontent.
Whichconecofcthecfollowingccommoncsayingscbestcreflectscthecconce
ptcofcintrospection?
―Wherecthere‘scacwill,cthere‘scacway.‖
―Nothingcventured,cnothingcgained.‖
―Acpennycforc yourcthoughts.‖
―Oldchabitscdiechard.‖
Whichconecofcthecfollowingccommoncsayingscbestcreflectscthecbasi
ccpremisecunderlyingcsocialclearningctheory?
―Monkeycsee,cmonkeycdo.‖
―Sparecthecrodcandcspoilcthecchild.‖
―Acfriendcincneedciscacfriendcindeed.‖
―Acrollingcstonecgatherscnocmoss.‖
Whichconecofcthecfollowingcstatementscprovidescthecmostccrediblecexpl
anationcforcthecfactcthatchumancbeingscseemctocsurpasscallcothercanimalcsp
eciescinctheircthinkingcandclearningccapacities?
Onlychumancbeingschavectheccapabilityctocmakectools.
Humansccommunicatecregularlycwithconecanothercand,cincdoingcs
o,cpasscalongcwhatcthey‘veclearnedctocfuturecgenerations.
Humancbeingschavecachugecrepertoirecofcinstinctualcbehaviorscfro
mcwhichctheyccancdrawcwhenctheycencountercnewcexperiences.
Humancbrainscarecsmallercthancthosecofcothercintelligentcspeciesc(e.g.,
celephants,cdolphins)candcthereforeccanctransmitcmessagescmorecquick
lycandcefficiently.
4
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER 1
PERSPECTIVES ON LEARNING
Multiple Choice Questions
Human beings undoubtedly learn more during the course of a lifetime than
any other species on earth. The major result of this capacity to learn is that:
New instincts begin to emerge.
Human thought becomes less logical with each generation.
Humans can benefit from their experiences.
Humans are the only species whose behavior cannot be analyzed in
terms of stimuli and responses.
Three of the following are examples of learning. Which one is not?
Abigail cries when she steps on a sharp pebble.
After many hours of heated debate, Brian begins to advocate
political practices he has previously opposed.
Cara suddenly recognizes how the division fact ―24 ’ 4 = 6‖ is related
to the multiplication fact ―6 x 4 = 24.‖
David has been running away from German shepherds ever since he
was bitten by a German shepherd two years ago.
Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in
kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is
this an instance of learning?
Yes, because her behavior has changed.
No, because the circumstances are too dissimilar.
Maybe, although the change may simply be due to
physiological maturation.
Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accurately.
2
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Three of the following illustrate various ways that learning might be
reflected in a person‘s behavior. Which one of the following changes does not
necessarily reflect learning?
Althoughcit‘scacschoolcnight,cDeancplayscvideocgamescuntilcwellcpastch
iscusualcbedtime.cAschecbecomescmorectired,checfindscitcincreasinglycdif
ficultctocconcentrateconcwhatche‘scdoing.
Evencascacyoungcchild,cJerryccouldctellcyoucthatchiscgrandparent
scimmigratedctocthecUnitedcStatescfromcIreland.cButcaftercacconv
ersationcwithchiscgrandmother,checcancnowcdescribectheccircums
tancescofcthecfamily‘scimmigrationcincconsiderablecdetail.
Daycaftercday,cMartincpracticeschiscbasketballcskillsc (shooting,cdribblin
g,cetc.)concacbasketballccourtcatcaclocalcpark.cWithceachcpracticecsessio
n,chiscmovementscbecomecfastercandcsmoother.
Lewiscoccasionallycaskscforchelpcwhenchechascdifficultycwithchiscclass
work,cbutcmostcofcthectimechecjustcstrugglescquietlyconchiscown.cAfter
chiscteachercassureschimcthatcaskingcforchelpciscnotcacsigncofcweakness
corcinability,checbeginscaskingcforchelpcmuchcmorecfrequently.
c researchcexaminesclearningcinctightlyccontrolledcsettingscand
c researchcexaminesclearningcincreal-worldcsettings.
Applied;cBasiccBasi
c;cQualitativecQualit
ative;cAppliedcBasic
;cApplied
Acprinciplecofclearningccancbestcbeccharacterizedcas:
Acdescriptioncofcthecresultscofcacparticularcresearchcstudy
Acstatementcthatcdescribeschowcacparticularcfactorcaffectsclearning
Thecmeasurementcofchowcmuchclearningchascoccurredcincac
particularcsituation
Ancexplanationcofcthecunderlyingcprocessescthroughcwhichclearningcoccurs
Actheorycofclearningccancbestcbeccharacterizedcas:
Acdescriptioncofcthecresultscofcacparticularcresearchcstudy
Acstatementcthatcdescribeschowcacparticularcfactorcaffectsclearning
Thecmeasurementcofchowcmuchclearningchascoccurredcincac
particularcsituation
Ancexplanationcofcthecunderlyingcprocessescthroughcwhichclearningcoccurs
3
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Threecofcthecfollowingcarecprinciplescofclearning.cWhichconeciscactheory
ofclearningcrathercthancacprinciple?
Acbehaviorcthatciscfollowedcbycpunishmentcdecreasescincfrequency.
Peopleclearncbycmakingcmentalcassociationscbetweencnewcinformatio
ncandctheircexistingcknowledge.
Acresponsecthatciscrewardedceveryctimecitcoccurscincreasescmor
ecrapidlycthancacresponsecthatcisconlycoccasionallycrewarded.
Studentsctendctocremembercmorecofcaclecturecifctheyctakecnotesconct
heclecture‘sccontent.
Whichconecofcthecfollowingccommoncsayingscbestcreflectscthecconce
ptcofcintrospection?
―Wherecthere‘scacwill,cthere‘scacway.‖
―Nothingcventured,cnothingcgained.‖
―Acpennycforc yourcthoughts.‖
―Oldchabitscdiechard.‖
Whichconecofcthecfollowingccommoncsayingscbestcreflectscthecbasi
ccpremisecunderlyingcsocialclearningctheory?
―Monkeycsee,cmonkeycdo.‖
―Sparecthecrodcandcspoilcthecchild.‖
―Acfriendcincneedciscacfriendcindeed.‖
―Acrollingcstonecgatherscnocmoss.‖
Whichconecofcthecfollowingcstatementscprovidescthecmostccrediblecexpl
anationcforcthecfactcthatchumancbeingscseemctocsurpasscallcothercanimalcsp
eciescinctheircthinkingcandclearningccapacities?
Onlychumancbeingschavectheccapabilityctocmakectools.
Humansccommunicatecregularlycwithconecanothercand,cincdoingcs
o,cpasscalongcwhatcthey‘veclearnedctocfuturecgenerations.
Humancbeingschavecachugecrepertoirecofcinstinctualcbehaviorscfro
mcwhichctheyccancdrawcwhenctheycencountercnewcexperiences.
Humancbrainscarecsmallercthancthosecofcothercintelligentcspeciesc(e.g.,
celephants,cdolphins)candcthereforeccanctransmitcmessagescmorecquick
lycandcefficiently.
4
