FLUID IMBALANCE PRACTICE (NAXLEX) MEDSURGE 11
NAXLEX PED MOST TESTED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ ASSURED SUCCESS
A nurse is teaching a client about the importance of maintaining fluid
and electrolyte balance. Which of the following statements by the client
indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "Fluids and electrolytes help transport nutrients and oxygen to my
cells."
B. "Fluids and electrolytes help regulate my body temperature and
lubricate my joints."
C. "Fluids and electrolytes help digest my food and excrete wastes from
my body."
D. "Fluids and electrolytes help increase my body fat and lower my
blood pressure." Correct Answers Choice D reason:
This statement indicates a need for further teaching. Fluids and
electrolytes do not help increase body fat or lower blood pressure. Body
fat is determined by the balance between calorie intake and expenditure,
not by fluid intake. Blood pressure is influenced by many factors, such
as cardiac output, vascular resistance, blood volume, and hormone
levels, not by fluid intake alone. Fluid intake can affect blood pressure
only if it causes overhydration or dehydration, which are both abnormal
conditions that should be avoided
A nurse is teaching a client about the importance of maintaining fluid
and electrolyte balance. Which of the following statements by the client
are true?
,A. "Fluids and electrolytes help transport nutrients and oxygen to my
cells."
B. "Fluids and electrolytes help regulate my body temperature and
lubricate my joints."
C. "Fluids and electrolytes help digest my food and excrete wastes from
my body."
D. "Fluids and electrolytes help increase my body fat and lower my
blood pressure." Correct Answers Choice A reason:
This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help transport nutrients
and oxygen to the cells by maintaining blood volume and pressure. They
also help maintain the acid-base balance of the blood and other body
fluids.
Choice B reason:
This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help regulate body
temperature by allowing heat to be distributed evenly throughout the
body and by facilitating sweating, which cools the body. They also help
lubricate the joints by providing synovial fluid, which reduces friction
and inflammation.
Choice C reason:
This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help digest food by
providing saliva, gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal
secretions, which break down food and absorb nutrients. They also help
excrete wastes from the body by forming urine, feces, sweat, and breath,
which eliminate excess fluids, electrolytes, toxins, and carbon dioxide
,A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A. Decreased skin turgor.
B. Increased heart rate.
C. Crackles in the lungs.
D. Low urine output.
E. Dry mucous membranes. Correct Answers Choice A reason:
Decreased skin turgor is a sign of dehydration because the skin loses
elasticity when the body loses water. The nurse can assess this by
pinching the skin on chest or the forehead and observing how quickly it
returns to its normal position. If it takes longer than a few seconds, it
indicates decreased skin turgor.
Choice B reason:
Increased heart rate is a sign of dehydration because the heart has to
work harder to pump blood when the blood volume is low. The body
also tries to compensate for the fluid loss by increasing the heart rate
and constricting the blood vessels.
Choice D reason:
Low urine output is a sign of dehydration because the kidneys try to
conserve water by producing less urine. The urine also becomes more
concentrated and darker in color when the body is dehydrated.
Choice E reason:
Dry mucous membranes are a sign of dehydration because the body
loses moisture from the mouth, nose, and eyes when it is dehydrated.
The nurse can assess this by looking at the lips, tongue, and oral cavity
for dryness and cracking.
, A nurse is caring for a client who has a high fever and is at risk for fluid
volume deficit. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the
following signs of fluid loss?
A. "I feel thirsty all the time."
B. "I have gained 2 pounds since yesterday."
C. "I have trouble breathing when I lie down."
D. "I feel dizzy when I stand up." Correct Answers Choice D reason:
Feeling dizzy when standing up is a sign of orthostatic hypotension,
which is a possible sign of fluid loss. Orthostatic hypotension is a
condition where the blood pressure drops when changing position from
lying or sitting to standing. This can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or
fainting. Orthostatic hypotension can be caused by hypovolemia, which
is a decrease in the volume of blood in the body due to fluid loss. Fluid
loss can occur from bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, or burns.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has metabolic
acidosis. The nurse should expect to see which of the following changes
in the client's electrolyte levels?
A. Decreased sodium.
B. Increased potassium.
C. Decreased calcium.
D. Increased chloride. Correct Answers Choice B reason:
Increased potassium is a common finding in metabolic acidosis,
especially in renal failure. This is because acidosis causes hydrogen ions
to move into cells in exchange for potassium ions, which move out of
cells into the blood. Also, impaired kidney function reduces the
excretion of potassium in the urine.
NAXLEX PED MOST TESTED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ ASSURED SUCCESS
A nurse is teaching a client about the importance of maintaining fluid
and electrolyte balance. Which of the following statements by the client
indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "Fluids and electrolytes help transport nutrients and oxygen to my
cells."
B. "Fluids and electrolytes help regulate my body temperature and
lubricate my joints."
C. "Fluids and electrolytes help digest my food and excrete wastes from
my body."
D. "Fluids and electrolytes help increase my body fat and lower my
blood pressure." Correct Answers Choice D reason:
This statement indicates a need for further teaching. Fluids and
electrolytes do not help increase body fat or lower blood pressure. Body
fat is determined by the balance between calorie intake and expenditure,
not by fluid intake. Blood pressure is influenced by many factors, such
as cardiac output, vascular resistance, blood volume, and hormone
levels, not by fluid intake alone. Fluid intake can affect blood pressure
only if it causes overhydration or dehydration, which are both abnormal
conditions that should be avoided
A nurse is teaching a client about the importance of maintaining fluid
and electrolyte balance. Which of the following statements by the client
are true?
,A. "Fluids and electrolytes help transport nutrients and oxygen to my
cells."
B. "Fluids and electrolytes help regulate my body temperature and
lubricate my joints."
C. "Fluids and electrolytes help digest my food and excrete wastes from
my body."
D. "Fluids and electrolytes help increase my body fat and lower my
blood pressure." Correct Answers Choice A reason:
This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help transport nutrients
and oxygen to the cells by maintaining blood volume and pressure. They
also help maintain the acid-base balance of the blood and other body
fluids.
Choice B reason:
This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help regulate body
temperature by allowing heat to be distributed evenly throughout the
body and by facilitating sweating, which cools the body. They also help
lubricate the joints by providing synovial fluid, which reduces friction
and inflammation.
Choice C reason:
This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help digest food by
providing saliva, gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal
secretions, which break down food and absorb nutrients. They also help
excrete wastes from the body by forming urine, feces, sweat, and breath,
which eliminate excess fluids, electrolytes, toxins, and carbon dioxide
,A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A. Decreased skin turgor.
B. Increased heart rate.
C. Crackles in the lungs.
D. Low urine output.
E. Dry mucous membranes. Correct Answers Choice A reason:
Decreased skin turgor is a sign of dehydration because the skin loses
elasticity when the body loses water. The nurse can assess this by
pinching the skin on chest or the forehead and observing how quickly it
returns to its normal position. If it takes longer than a few seconds, it
indicates decreased skin turgor.
Choice B reason:
Increased heart rate is a sign of dehydration because the heart has to
work harder to pump blood when the blood volume is low. The body
also tries to compensate for the fluid loss by increasing the heart rate
and constricting the blood vessels.
Choice D reason:
Low urine output is a sign of dehydration because the kidneys try to
conserve water by producing less urine. The urine also becomes more
concentrated and darker in color when the body is dehydrated.
Choice E reason:
Dry mucous membranes are a sign of dehydration because the body
loses moisture from the mouth, nose, and eyes when it is dehydrated.
The nurse can assess this by looking at the lips, tongue, and oral cavity
for dryness and cracking.
, A nurse is caring for a client who has a high fever and is at risk for fluid
volume deficit. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the
following signs of fluid loss?
A. "I feel thirsty all the time."
B. "I have gained 2 pounds since yesterday."
C. "I have trouble breathing when I lie down."
D. "I feel dizzy when I stand up." Correct Answers Choice D reason:
Feeling dizzy when standing up is a sign of orthostatic hypotension,
which is a possible sign of fluid loss. Orthostatic hypotension is a
condition where the blood pressure drops when changing position from
lying or sitting to standing. This can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or
fainting. Orthostatic hypotension can be caused by hypovolemia, which
is a decrease in the volume of blood in the body due to fluid loss. Fluid
loss can occur from bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, or burns.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has metabolic
acidosis. The nurse should expect to see which of the following changes
in the client's electrolyte levels?
A. Decreased sodium.
B. Increased potassium.
C. Decreased calcium.
D. Increased chloride. Correct Answers Choice B reason:
Increased potassium is a common finding in metabolic acidosis,
especially in renal failure. This is because acidosis causes hydrogen ions
to move into cells in exchange for potassium ions, which move out of
cells into the blood. Also, impaired kidney function reduces the
excretion of potassium in the urine.
