TERM
Types of pain
Somatic: superficial, musculoskeletal, sharp(er) & well
localized, sensory nerves
Visceral: internal organs or blood vessels, dull(er) &
more poorly localized, sympathetic nerve fibers
Referred: pain distant from point of orgin
TERM
Multiple Myeloma
, Plasma cell neoplasm > involvement of the skeleton at
different sitesCauses: Idiopathic; Possible
chromosome 13 deletion (50% of cases); Link to
infection by human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8): Kaposi’s
sarcoma – HHV-8
Signs and Symptoms: Incidence > men; Peak age 50-
60; Suppression humoral immunity > recurrent
infections; Anemia; Hypercalcemia
M-protein
Bence Jones Protein (80% of cases): Frequently found;
Immunoglobulin light chain found in blood and urine;
Contributes to damage of renal tubular cells
TERM
Hypertrophy
Increase in cell size
TERM
Testicular torsion
, Twisting of spermatic cord. Bell clapper deformity 13%
in males <25
Cause: trauma, sports, exercise, 90-180 degrees is
enough to low blood flow
S/s: unilateral acute onset pain, swelling, n/v
Testing: doppler us
Tx: w/in 6 hrs to preserve normal function, manually de-
torse, surgery
TERM
Tuberculosis (TB)
•Infectious lung disease – used to becalled ‘Consumption’–
Airbornedroplets •Pandemic à 1/3population: •~ 3million death
year•2005:14,093 cases in the U.S.•Leadingcause of death from
curable infectious disease
•Causes: –Mycobacteriumtuberculosis àincubation period 2-8
DecreasedI.S. à High rate of coinfectionwith HIV–Crowdedliving
poverty, lack of medical care, drug resistance
•Signs and Symptoms: –Activeà asymptomatic during early
stages•Coughthat produces purulent sputum develops
slowly•Nightsweats, fatigue, fever/chills, pleurisy, caseous nec
Systemicà can affect any other organs–Infectionà asymptomat
granulomas (Ghon)
•Tx:•Combinationsof 4 drugs at once to reduce the chance of a
, resistance •Firstline of
drugs:•Isoniazid•Rifampin•Pyrazinamide•Streptomycin•Etha
9months of tx to cure the disease150354.t+
TERM
SIADH
Too much adh
Causes: idiopathic, brain injury, infection, trauma,
stroke, hemorrhage, adh secreting tumor
S/s: hyponatremia
Testing: low serum osmalrity, high urine osmolarity,
ct/mri
TERM
Hypothyroidism
Decreased production thyroid hormones
Ss: childhood - impaired development of skeletal
system and cns. Children and adults- fatigue, pallor,
edema, wt gain, arthralgia, cold intolerance, decreased
DTRs, myxedema coma
Types of pain
Somatic: superficial, musculoskeletal, sharp(er) & well
localized, sensory nerves
Visceral: internal organs or blood vessels, dull(er) &
more poorly localized, sympathetic nerve fibers
Referred: pain distant from point of orgin
TERM
Multiple Myeloma
, Plasma cell neoplasm > involvement of the skeleton at
different sitesCauses: Idiopathic; Possible
chromosome 13 deletion (50% of cases); Link to
infection by human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8): Kaposi’s
sarcoma – HHV-8
Signs and Symptoms: Incidence > men; Peak age 50-
60; Suppression humoral immunity > recurrent
infections; Anemia; Hypercalcemia
M-protein
Bence Jones Protein (80% of cases): Frequently found;
Immunoglobulin light chain found in blood and urine;
Contributes to damage of renal tubular cells
TERM
Hypertrophy
Increase in cell size
TERM
Testicular torsion
, Twisting of spermatic cord. Bell clapper deformity 13%
in males <25
Cause: trauma, sports, exercise, 90-180 degrees is
enough to low blood flow
S/s: unilateral acute onset pain, swelling, n/v
Testing: doppler us
Tx: w/in 6 hrs to preserve normal function, manually de-
torse, surgery
TERM
Tuberculosis (TB)
•Infectious lung disease – used to becalled ‘Consumption’–
Airbornedroplets •Pandemic à 1/3population: •~ 3million death
year•2005:14,093 cases in the U.S.•Leadingcause of death from
curable infectious disease
•Causes: –Mycobacteriumtuberculosis àincubation period 2-8
DecreasedI.S. à High rate of coinfectionwith HIV–Crowdedliving
poverty, lack of medical care, drug resistance
•Signs and Symptoms: –Activeà asymptomatic during early
stages•Coughthat produces purulent sputum develops
slowly•Nightsweats, fatigue, fever/chills, pleurisy, caseous nec
Systemicà can affect any other organs–Infectionà asymptomat
granulomas (Ghon)
•Tx:•Combinationsof 4 drugs at once to reduce the chance of a
, resistance •Firstline of
drugs:•Isoniazid•Rifampin•Pyrazinamide•Streptomycin•Etha
9months of tx to cure the disease150354.t+
TERM
SIADH
Too much adh
Causes: idiopathic, brain injury, infection, trauma,
stroke, hemorrhage, adh secreting tumor
S/s: hyponatremia
Testing: low serum osmalrity, high urine osmolarity,
ct/mri
TERM
Hypothyroidism
Decreased production thyroid hormones
Ss: childhood - impaired development of skeletal
system and cns. Children and adults- fatigue, pallor,
edema, wt gain, arthralgia, cold intolerance, decreased
DTRs, myxedema coma
