HCB 102 | healthcare basics | medical terminology | infection control | patient care | healthcare ethics | communication skills | clinical procedures | healthcare course | exam preparation | study guide | practice questions

HCB 102 Test 3 Generic name - CORRECT ANSWER-Often derived from the chemical name. The common name of the medication. Opiate - CORRECT ANSWER-A drug that contains opium Opioid - CORRECT ANSWER-Pertaining to natural and synthetic chemicals that have opium-like effects similar to morphine, though they ate not derived from opium Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) - CORRECT ANSWER-A book listing of drug products for medical professionals What are some trade names for antibiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cephalexin (Keflex) and Azithromycin (Zithromax) What are anticoagulants used for? - CORRECT ANSWER-Prevents and treats blood clots What are some side effects of anticoagulants? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Hemorrhage (bleeding) - Diarrhea What are some trade names for antiemetics? - CORRECT ANSWER-Promethazine (Phenergan) and Meclizine (Dramamine) What do Mild Analgesics (Non-opioid) do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Reduces fever and relieves pain and inflammation What are the side effects of Mild Analgesics? - CORRECT ANSWER-Headache or mild GI disturbance How is Mild Analgesics administered? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oral or rectal What are the trade names for Mike Analgesics? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acetylsalicylic Acid - ASA (Aspirin), Acetaminophen (Tylenol) what do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Relieves arthritis, mild to moderate pain What are the side effects of NSAIDS? - CORRECT ANSWER-Drowsiness, fluid retention, nausea, and vomiting How are NSAIDS administered? - CORRECT ANSWER-Orally or rectally Trade names for NSAIDS? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ibuprofen (Morton, Advil), Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) What does MAR stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER-medication administration record True or False: an HM is not a provider - CORRECT ANSWER-True Medication can be beneficial or harmful and is: - CORRECT ANSWER-- Used to produce a local or systemic physiological effect -Used in different treatment, diagnoses, and prevention of disease What are 6 major uses of medications? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Symptom relief 2. Preventive - To avoid disease 3. Diagnostic - To help the physician determine whether a disease is present 4. Curative - To eliminate you disease 5. Health maintenance - To help keep the body functioning normally 6. Contraceptive What are the four types of medical orders? - CORRECT ANSWER-Standing, PRN, single, and stat order HCB 102 Unit 3 - Introduction to Support Services Relates to the chemical and molecular structure. Chemical Name Any condition which makes a particular treatment or procedure inadvisable. Contraindication Therapeutic agent; any substance, other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or cure of disease. Drug Derived from chemical name. Every medication has only one and it is the common name of medications. Generic Name Abnormal sensitivity which there is an exaggerated response by the body to the stimulus of a foreign agents. Hypersensitivity (allergy) Basis for initiation of a treatment for a disease or a diagnostic test; may be furnished by knowledge of cause, symptoms present, or nature of disease. Indication The largest amount of medication that can be given without reaching the toxic effect. Maximum dose Medical Treatment Facility MTF A drug that contains opium, derivites of opium, or any several semisynthetic drugs with opium-like activity. Opiate Pertaining to natural and sythetic chemicals that have opium like effects similar to morphine but not derived from opium. Opiod State of being freely open or exposed. Patency Science concered with drugs, their sources, appearance, chemistry, actions, and uses. Pharmacology Branch of pharmacology dealing with the preparation, dispensing, and proper use of medications. Pharmacy A comprehensive book listing of drug products for medical professionals. Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) Science of treating disease by any method that will relieve pain, treat or cure disease and infections, or prolong life. Therapeutics Study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them. Toxicology Proprietary name given by a manufacturer. Trade/Brand name Referred to as the normal adult dose, usual does, or average dose. Amount needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect. Usual/Therapeutic dose Five sections How many sections are drugs arranged into in the Physician's Desk Reference book? Pink, Blue, Yellow, White, Final. What are the five sections of the Physician's Drug Reference book? Comprehensive alaphabetic listing of brand name products and a list of manufactuers with their products. What is the pink section of the PDR made up of? Blue section The therapeutic index is held in what section of the PDR? Chemical The yellow section of the PDR is a drug, ________, pharmacological index to drugs? A list of the major products of manufactures with infomation on compositon, action, uses, administration, dosage, precautions, contraindictions, and supply of each drug. The white section of the PDR consist of what? Final section. Which section of the PDR contains full size colour photographs to aid in medication identification? Its produced by each MTF and lists all medications in a particular hospital's pharmacy. What is the Hospital Formulary? Yearly How often is the Nursing Drug Handbook updated? A drug used to counteract hyperacidity in the stomach. What is an antacid? Agents that acts on the surface of bubbles by reducing the surface tension and thereby disrupting or breaking the bubble. What are antiflatulants? A soluble susbstance dervied form amold or bacterium that kills or inhibits the growth of other microoraganisms. What are antibiotics? Agents that prevent or delay coagulation (clotting) of the blood by interfering with the formation of the necessary clotting factors. What is the definition of anticoagulants? Having the property of improving or correcting diarrhea. What is antidiarrheal? Antidiabetics Counteracting diabetes; denoting an agent that reduces blood sugar. Antidysrhythmics Combating an arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) Antiemetics Preventing or arresting vomiting Antifungals Agents that inhibit or supress the growth systems of fungi Antihistamines Used to counteract the physical symptoms that are caused by histamines Antihypertensive Indicating a drug that reduces the blood pressure of hypertensive patients Antitussives What are the agents that inhibts or suppreses the act of coughing? Antipsychotic What is the functional category of drugs that are helpful in the treatment of psychosis and have a capacity to improve thought disorders? Cathartics What are the drugs that promote bowel movement? Decongestants What are the agents that shrink swollen mucous membranes, reduce, nasal congestion, and increase nasal patency (the condition of being open, expanded ot unobstructed)? Expectorants These are agents that assist in the removal of secrections or exudates (an exuded substance, in particular) from the trachea, bronchi, or lungs... Medications that facilitate the passage and elimination of feces from the colon and rectum. Laxitives are... Mild Analgesics (Non-opiod) A compound capable of producing analgesia (relieving pain) i.e., one that relieves pain by alerting the perception of nociceptive stimuli without producing anesthesia or loss of consciousness produce a loss of sensation to pain in aspecific area or locality of the body, without LOC or mental capacity. Local Anesthetic Agents... A large number of drugs exerting anti-inflammatory (and usually analgesic and antipyretic [ used to prevent or reduce fevers]) actions. What is the definiton of Nonsteroifal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS)? Medications that relieve pain without producing unconsciouness or impairing mental capacities. What are narcotic analgesics? Opiate - most opiates considered safe for short term use. Opiods - affect multiple organ systems, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and can cause a variety of adverse effects. Proper dosing and monitoring minimize these effects. What is the difference between opiate and opioids? Vaccines and Toxoids. Wha are the agents that artificially induce immunity to a specific disease or toxin? Antacids : Action - used for heartburn and indigestion Side Effects - constipation, arrythmias (IV only) Administered - Oral or parenteral ( in a manner other than through the digestive canal) Generic/Trade names - Calcium Carbonate (Tums), Ranitidine (Zantac) Antiflatulents: Action - used for excess gas in the intestinal tract Side Effects - bloating, constipation, diarrhea Administered - Oral Generic/Trade names - Simethicone (Gas-X, Mylicon) Antacids/Antiflatulents Action - used for bacterial infections Side Effects - mild to severe allergic reaction, nausea, diarrhea Administered - Oral, parenteral, or tropical Divided into : Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracycline's Macrolides, Sulfonamides Generic/Trade names - Penicillin (Pen-V-K), Cephalexin (Keflex), Azithromycin (Zithromax) Antibiotics Action - used in the treatment and prevention of blood clots Side Effects - Hemorrhage (Bleeding), diarrhea, rash, fever Administered - Oral or parenteral Generic/Trade name - Warfarin (Coumadin), Heparin Anticoagulants Action - used to control diarrhea caused by food poisoning, parasitic infestation or gastrointestinal diseases Side Effects - constipation, blurred vision Administered - Oral Generic/Trade names - Loperamide (Imodium), Bismuth Subsalicylate (Kaopectate) Antidiarrheal Action - decreases blood sugar Side Effects - Hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis Administered - Parenteral Generic/Trade names - Insulin (Novolin R, Humulin) Action - regulates the amount of glucose in the blood (various ways this happens, depending on the drug) Side Effects- Hypoglycemia, headache, nausea Administered - Oral Generic/Trade names - Metformin (Glucophage), Glyburide (Micronase) Antidiabetics/Oral Hypoglycemic Action - used in the prevention or correction of irregular heart rhythms and the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) Side Effects- Drowsiness, confusion, seizures, bradycardia Administered - Oral or parenteral Generic/Trade names - Amiodarone (Cordarone), Diltiazem (Cardizem) Antidysrhythmic Action - used on the prevention or relief of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness and vertigo Side Effects - drowsiness or constipation Administered - oral, rectal, or parenteral Generic/Trade names - Promethazine (Phenergan), Meclizine (Dramamine) Antiemetics Action - used to treat fungal infections such as tinea pedis ( athlete's foot), tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris (jock itch) Side Effects - liver damage (oral), rash, hives Administered - oral or topical Generic/Trade name - Tolnaftate (Tinactin), Clotrimazole (Lotrimin) Antifungals Action - used for seasonal allergies, rhinitis, and secondary treatment in anaphylactic reasons Side Effect - dry mouth and throat, dizziness, sleepiness Administrated - Oral or parenteral Generic/Trade name - Diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl) Antihistamines Action - used to prevent the complication of high BP =, such as stoke and heart attack Side Effects - hypotension, bradycardia, lightheaded, or dizzy Administered - Oral or parenteral Generic/Trade name - Atenolol (Tenormin), Lisinopril (Zestril) Antihypertensive Action - used as a cough suppressant Side Effect - dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting Administered - Oral Generic/Trade names - Dextromethorphan (Vicks Formula 44), Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) Antitussive Action: used to treat mental illness Side effects: confusion, drowsiness Administered: oral or parenteral Generic/Trade names: Haloperidol (Haldol), Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Clozapine (Clozaril) Antipsychotic Action: used for constipation, lab studies, and pre and post operation preparation Side effects: nausea, vomiting Administered: oral or rectal Generic/Trade names: Sorbitol, Magnesium Citrate Cathartics Action: used to relieve nasal and sinus congestion Side effects: anxiety, restlessness, insomnia Administered: oral Generic/Trade names: Pseudoephedrine HCL (Sudafed) Decongestants Actions: used to clear mucus secretions caused from the common cold or bronchitis Side effects: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting Administered: oral Generic/Trade names: Guaifenesin (Mucinex, Robitussin) Expectorants Action: used for constipation and to regulate bowel movements Side effects: nausea, vomiting, hypotension Administered: oral or rectal Generic/Trade names: Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Laxatives Action: used to produce numbness in local area Side effects: local irritation or possible systemic effects Administered: topical or parenteral Generic/Trade names: Lidocaine (Xylocaine HCL), Lidocaine with epinephrine (Xylocaine with Epinephrine) Local Anesthetics Action: used as a fever reducer and to relieve pain and inflammation Side effects: Headache or mild GI disturbance Administered: oral or rectal Generic/Trade names: Acetylsalicylic Acid - ASA (Aspirin), Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Special considerations: Don't give Tylenol to a liver failure or transplant or alcoholic patient. It is metabolized in liver and can possibly worsen the problem. Mild Analgesics (Non-opioid) Action: used to relieve arthritis, mild to moderate pain Side effects: drowsiness, fluid retention, nausea, vomiting Administered: oral, parental, or rectal Generic/Trade names: Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) Special considerations: Don't give to renal failure/transplant patients. It is excreted through kidneys and can possibly worsen the problem. Don't give on an empty stomach due to gastric upset. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) Action: used to relieve moderate to severe pain, lessen apprehension and for sedation Side effects: constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness Administered: oral, parenteral Generic/Trade names: Morphine (Roxanol), Pethidine (Demerol), Tramadol (Ultram) Special considerations: Highly addictive, to be used in moderation Narcotic Analgesic Action: used for disease prevention Side effects: site pain Administered: oral or parenteral Examples: Toxoids - Tetanus, Diphtheria Vaccines - Hepatitis A, Influenza Vaccines and Toxoids Medications requiring the patients weight to determine total amount to administered (most commonly used in children) Weight based medication these are also referred to as standard dosing (weight does not determine total amount of medication) Non-weight based medication the total amount of medication ordered by provider Desired dose (DD) the unit amount of medication provided by the pharmacy for dispensing Dose on Hand (DH) the form in which a medication is transported into the body (tablets, capsules, liquid, shots, etc.) Vehicle (V) 2.75% Convert the decimal 0.0275 into percent form. 0.35 Convert 35% into a decimal False; they must be the same unit of measurement T/F: Ratios can be expressed in different units of measurement. Kilo (k), Hecto (h), Deca (da), Base (g, L, M), Deci (d), Centi (c), Milli (m), Space, Space, Micro (mc) What does the mnemonic KHDBDCMOOM stand for? 5 mL A teaspoon is equal to how many mL? 15 mL A tablespoon is equal to how many mL? 30 mL A ounce is equal to how many mL? 2.2 kg A pound is equal to how many kilograms? 1000 g 1 kilogram (kg) is equal to ______grams (g)? 1750 mL 1.75 liters (L) equals to ______ milliliter (mL)? 0.000001 g 1 microgram (mcg) is equal to ______ grams (g)? 0.1 cL 1 milliliter (mL) is equal to _____ centiliter (cL)? 0.002 L 2 mL is equal to ______ L? 30 mL 2 tablespoons is equal to ______ mL? 24 tsp 4 oz. is equal to how many teaspoons? 6 tsp 2 tablespoons is equal to how many teaspoons? 30 kg Convert 66 lbs. into kg. 120 kg Convert 264 lbs. into kg. 100 kg Convert 220 lbs. into kg. - 80 kg - 800 kg - 40 mL The patient weighs 176 lbs. The doctor orders medication for 10 mg/kg. The pharmacy provides the medication at 200 mg/10 mL. - How much does the patient weigh in kg? - How many mg does the patient get? - How many mL does the patient receive? - 55 kg - 11 mL A 121 lbs. patient is to be given 2 mg/kg of Morphine q2-3h. The medication is supplied at 10 mg/mL. - How much does the patient weigh in kg? - How many mL should be given every 2-3 hours? 2 tsp every 12 hours The doctor has ordered your patient to receive 30 mg Atarax po bid. The medication is available as Atarax Syrup 15 mg per tsp. How many tsp will the patient receive and how often will it be given? 2 capsules every day. The doctor has ordered your patient to receive 7.5 mg Traxene po daily. The medication is available on the unit as Traxene 3.75 mg capsules. How many capsules will the patient receive and how often? 4500 milligrams A doctor ordered 50 mg of a drug per kilogram body weight. How many milligrams should a 198 lbs. patient receive? 30 mL Calculate the following basic doses: Robitussin 100 mg PO; Robitussin 50 mg/tbsp.: ______ mL 1 mL Calculate the following basic doses: Order: Bentyl 10 mg IM four times a day. Supply: Bentyl injection 10 mg/mL. Give _______ mL per dose 7.5 mL Calculate the following basic doses: The available dosage of Acetaminophen is 160 mg/5 mL. The order reads Acetaminophen Elixir 240 mg po q4h. How many mL's will you administer to the patient? 5 grams. Calculate the following basic doses: The doctor ordered 50 mg of a drug per kilogram of body weight. How many grams of the medication should a 220 lbs. patient receive? medications that are either swallowed or instilled through a tube leading to the stomach. Oral (PO) administration definition a solid medication is placed in the cheek until dissolved, alternate cheeks to avoid irritation and don't chew or swallow medication. Buccal administration NAVMED 6710/1 Narcotic and Controlled Drug Account Record NAVEMED 6710/6 Poly Prescription DD 1289 DoD Prescription What forms are used with pharmacology? injection given just below the dermis of the skin Subcutaneous (SQ) injection given in the muscle Intramuscular (IM) injection given in a vein Intravenous (IV) Medication dissolved under the tongue and absorbed through the blood vessels Sublingual (SL) Instillation is medication administered by liquid or drops into ear, nose, and eyelids. Inhalation is medication in vapor form that is inhaled. Instillation vs Inhalation Medication placed in the rectum for absorption through the mucous membranes Rectal (PR) applied to the surface of the skin Topical 4 inches Up to what inches would you insert your finger when administering medication through an adults rectum? 3 inches Up to what inches would you insert your finger when administering medication through an childs rectum? 2 inches Up to what inches would you insert your finger when administering medication through an infants rectum? The hub What is the part of the needle that the arrow is pointing at? Hollow shaft What is the part of the needle that the arrow is pointing at? Bevel What is the part of the needle that the arrow is pointing at? Lumen What is the part of the needle that the arrow us pointing at? True T/F: The larger the number of the gauge, the smaller the needle will be. 1/2 to 3 inches and 18 to 27G in diameter. What is the needle length used for am IM injection? Deltoid, Vastus Lateralis, Rectus Femoris, Ventrogluteal, and Dorsogluteal What are the most common sites for IM injections? 0.5 to 1 mL The Sub-Q space can tolerate how much fluid? Posterior aspect of upper arm, Abdomen (anterior and lateral aspect), and anterior aspect of thighs. What are the most common sites of SQ injections? Dose, Drug, Documentation, Patient, Route, and Time What does the acronym Triple D PRT stand for? Patient's name, identification number, name of medication, dose, vehicle, and route. What does the acronym PINDVR? 90 degrees If you grasp 2 inches of tissue at how many degrees would you insert the needle? 1 inch If you insert the needle at 45 degrees how many inches of tissue do you need to grasp? 90 degrees At what angle is a IM needle inserted? 3/8 to 5/8 inch, 25 to 27G needle What size of a syringe is used for an ID injection? 5 to 15 degrees What is the insertion angle for an ID injection? 0.01 to 0.1 mL How many mL are injected intradermally? Clearly mark the vial with the date and time vaccine was reconstituted and maintain the product at 2 degree - 8 degree Celsius (36-46 degrees F); DO NOT FREEZE If a reconstituted vaccine is not used immediately or comes in a multi-dose vial be sure to do what? Medication Administration Record What does MAR stand for? a sheet used for documentation listing medications prescribed and times to be given. What is the definition medication administration record? a person who is licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and is knowledgeable concerning their properties. What is the definition pharmacist? term used by managed care organization referring to physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, and physician assistants. An HM is NOT a provider. What is a provider? used to produce local or systemic physiological effect used in different treatment, diagnoses, and prevention of disease. Medications can be beneficial or harmful and is : Symptom relief ( aspirin for pain or fever), Preventive (to avoid disease, anticoagulants for blood clots), Diagnostic (to help the physician determine whether a disease is present, radiopaque dyes), Curative (to eliminate the disease, antibiotics) Health maintenance (to help keep the body functioning normally, insulin) Contraceptive (drugs to prevent pregnancy) What are the six major uses of medication: Standing order - medication is administered until provider cancels it or the prescribed number of doses have been given. PRN order - medication administered when patient needs and has a time limits between doses. Single order - medication that is administered once at a specific time Stat order - a single dose of medication that is immediately administered (ex: HM1 Williams and his bee allergy) What are the four common types of medication orders? True T/F If a medication is to be at a patient's beside, the provider must order it to be kept at the bedside. A mobile cart with a drawer for each patient drawers are labeled with addressograph pharmacy stocks with individual/single dose Corpsman may have keys What is a unit dose cart? Nurses only Who is allowed access to the narcotic locker? Nurses only Who has access to the controlled substances? Right medication/drug Right dose Right route Right time Right Patient Right Documentation What are the Six Right of Medication Administrations? Immediately When should medication errors be reported? 24 hours How many hours after an incident regarding medical errors should a incident report be filed? Once before you prepare the medication, you will compare the providers orders against the MAR. Second when medication is prepared but before giving it to the patient Third is right before giving medication to patient at the bedside. When do you do the three medication checks? Regulating dispensing and handling of all controlled substances, classifying drugs by their medical usefulness and potential for abuse. What is the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970? Food and Drug Administration; naming and labeling of drugs, drug testing, drug distribution and sales of both prescription and non-prescription, categorizing, dispensing, and handling of controlled drugs based on schedule according to medical usefulness and the potential for abuse. What does FDA stand for and what do they do? Two locks How many locks must narcotics be kept behind? 5 How many groups controlled substances are there? Highest potential for abuse, no currently accepted in medical use and lack of accepted safety for drug use under medical supervision (ex heroin, marijuana, LSD) What is Schedule I of the controlled substance groups? High potential for abuse, currently accepted for medical use, abuse of drug may lead to severe psychological/physical dependence (ex morphine, oxycodone) What is Schedule II of the controlled substance groups? Potential for abuse but less than Schedule I or II, currently accepted for medical use and abuse of drug may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence (anabolic steroids, Vicodin, Tylenol 3) What is Schedule III of the controlled substance groups? Low potential for abuse, accepted for medical use and abuse of drug may lead to limited physical/psychological dependence (ex Xanex, Valium, Phenobarbital) What is Schedule IV of the controlled substance groups? Lowest potential for abuse, accepted for medical use and abuse of drug may lead to limited physical/psychological dependence (ex cough suppressants containing small amounts of codeine, preparations containing small amounts of opium. What is Schedule V of the controlled substances groups? Emergencies and no. What are verbal orders used and do Corpsmen take verbal orders? Black ink What color ink does all charting need to be done in? A distraction free environment Where should medications be prepared for administration? Commanding Officer Who are responsible for having a pharmaceutical waste management program? Closest MTF pharmacy Where do all expired medications get returned to? Disposal of pharamaceuticals What does the Drug Enforcement Agency govern? Layman's terms How should all labels and their directions be translated? Medication Administration Record What is the NAVMED 6550/8? Narcotic and Controlled Drug Account Record What is the NAVMED 6710/1? Poly Prescription What is the NAVMED 6710/6? DoD Prescription What is the DD 1289? HCB 102 Unit 5 Cardiovascular system Angina Pectoris Pain in the chest occurring when blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart is not receiving enough oxygen. Asystole A condition in which the heart ceased generating electrical impulses, commonly called flat line Cardiac Arrest Normal heartbeat and circulation of blood have completely stopped Cardiology Study of the heart Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Actions taken to revive a person by keeping the persons heart and lungs working Coronary Arteries Vessels that supply the myocardium coronary artery disease Diseases that affect the arteries of the heart Deep Vein Thrombosis The presence of a thrombus, or blood clot in a vein, usually a deep vein of the lower limbs Dehydration When fluid output exceeds fluid intake causing a de crease in the amount of fluid in body tissues