Regulation 2026 Exam All
Answers and Illustrations
Given
housekeeping genes - ANSWER ✔✔genes expressed in almost
every cell type
regulated genes - ANSWER ✔✔expression of these genes is
controlled; may not be expressed in every cell or at all times in a cell
transcriptional control - ANSWER ✔✔slowest, saves the most energy
pre-translational control - ANSWER ✔✔moderate
, post-translational control - ANSWER ✔✔fastest, uses the most
energy
transcriptional unit - ANSWER ✔✔the segment of DNA from the initial
point of transcription to the final point of transcription for a particular
gene or group of genes
operon - ANSWER ✔✔cluster of prokaryotic gene organized into a
transcriptional unit and its associated regulatory sequences
promoter - ANSWER ✔✔-site where RNA polymerase binds to begin
synthesis of the mRNA
-region right before (upstream) the transcriptional unit that have initiator
sequences that are important for starting transcription
operator - ANSWER ✔✔short segment to which a regulator binds to
affect expression of the operon
regulatory sequence - ANSWER ✔✔specific proteins bind to DNA
sequences within the transcriptional unit to inhibit or enhance gene
expression
regulatory protein - ANSWER ✔✔DNA binding protein that binds to a
regulatory sequence and affects the expression of the associated
gene(s)