1. INDICES (POWERS)
Rules
aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ
aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ
(aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ
a⁰ = 1
a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ
Examples
2² × 2³
= 2⁵
= 32
x⁵ ÷ x²
= x³
2. SURDS
Rules
√a × √b = √ab
√a / √b = √(a/b)
Examples
√4 × √9
=2×3
=6
, √16
=4
3. ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES
(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
(a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²
a² - b² = (a+b)(a-b)
Example
(x + 2)²
= x² + 4x + 4
4. FACTORIZATION
Common Factor
6x + 12
= 6(x + 2)
Difference of Squares
x² - 9
= (x + 3)(x - 3)
5. LINEAR EQUATIONS
Example
2x + 5 = 11
2x = 6