AEROSPACE PHYSIOLOGY EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.Define human factors - ANSWERS-Optimize the relationship between people and
their activities by the systematic application of human sciences, integrated within
the framework of systems engineering.
\.What is the shell model? - ANSWERS-S: Software. Rules, regulations, policies and
guidance.
H: Hardware. Equipment and materials.
E: Environment. cockpit, flightdeck, ground control station.
L: Liveware. Human performance, capabilities and limitations.
L: Liveware interface. Other crew members, ATC, maintainers.
\.Recognize the Functions of the atmosphere - ANSWERS-1. Contains oxygen,
essential for animal life and carbon dioxide, essential for plant life.
2. Shields UV.
3. Precipitation occurs which maintains temperature and climate.
\.Identify which gases are present in the atmosphere and their associated
percentage of the total composition - ANSWERS-78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1%
other gases.
,\.Recall the common units of measurement for atmospheric pressure. - ANSWERS-
1. PSI.
2. mmHg.
3. inHg.
\.Recognize the description and common unit of measure of the US standard
atmosphere. - ANSWERS-At sea level: 15 degrees Celsius and 760 mmHg (29.92
inHg) pressure.
\.Identify the description of atmospheric pressure and its causes. - ANSWERS-The
combined weight of all the atmospheric gases acting to create a force upon the
surface of the earth. Caused by gravity pulling gas molecules earthward and
thermal and solar radiation expanding the gases outward towards space.
\.Recognize the definition of the standard temperature lapse rate. - ANSWERS-- 2
degrees C for every 1,000 feet up to 35,000 feet.
\.List the physiological divisions of the atmosphere. - ANSWERS-1. Physiological
zone: Sea level to 10,000 feet and is the zone the human body is adapted to.
2. Physiological Deficient Zone: 10,000 feet to 50,000 feet. Inadequate oxygen is
available to sustain normal physiologic functions.
3. Space equivalent zone: above 50,000 feet. Physiological problems are the same
as those for space; need protection in a sealed cabin or pressure suit.
, \.Dalton's Law - ANSWERS-The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the
sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture. The pressure exerted by
each gas in a mixture is independent of other gases in the mixture. Explains how
exposure to high altitude can reduce available oxygen.
\.Boyle's Law - ANSWERS-A volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure
surrounding it. Explains why a balloon expands as it ascends as well as the effects
of pressure changes in ears, sinuses, teeth and GI tract.
\.Henry's Law - ANSWERS-The amount of gas in a solution varies directly with the
partial pressure of that gas over the solution. If pressure is reduced above the
solution, some gas will come out of solution. Nitrogen bubbles.
\.Ideal Gas Law - ANSWERS-Illustrates how temperature is proportional to
pressure in an oxygen cylinder or how pressure is inversely proportional to volume
when volume is not fixed.
\.The Law of gaseous diffusion - ANSWERS-Gas will diffuse from an area of higher
concentration or pressure to an area of lower concentration or pressure until
equilibrium is reached. Relates to the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the lungs and bloodstream.
\.List the phases of respiration - ANSWERS-1. Ventilation: the volume of gas
exchanged between the lungs and the environment.
2. Diffusion: oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through alveolar membrane and
capillary walls into RBC.
3. Transportation: Oxygen carried by blood to cell and tissues for utilization.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.Define human factors - ANSWERS-Optimize the relationship between people and
their activities by the systematic application of human sciences, integrated within
the framework of systems engineering.
\.What is the shell model? - ANSWERS-S: Software. Rules, regulations, policies and
guidance.
H: Hardware. Equipment and materials.
E: Environment. cockpit, flightdeck, ground control station.
L: Liveware. Human performance, capabilities and limitations.
L: Liveware interface. Other crew members, ATC, maintainers.
\.Recognize the Functions of the atmosphere - ANSWERS-1. Contains oxygen,
essential for animal life and carbon dioxide, essential for plant life.
2. Shields UV.
3. Precipitation occurs which maintains temperature and climate.
\.Identify which gases are present in the atmosphere and their associated
percentage of the total composition - ANSWERS-78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1%
other gases.
,\.Recall the common units of measurement for atmospheric pressure. - ANSWERS-
1. PSI.
2. mmHg.
3. inHg.
\.Recognize the description and common unit of measure of the US standard
atmosphere. - ANSWERS-At sea level: 15 degrees Celsius and 760 mmHg (29.92
inHg) pressure.
\.Identify the description of atmospheric pressure and its causes. - ANSWERS-The
combined weight of all the atmospheric gases acting to create a force upon the
surface of the earth. Caused by gravity pulling gas molecules earthward and
thermal and solar radiation expanding the gases outward towards space.
\.Recognize the definition of the standard temperature lapse rate. - ANSWERS-- 2
degrees C for every 1,000 feet up to 35,000 feet.
\.List the physiological divisions of the atmosphere. - ANSWERS-1. Physiological
zone: Sea level to 10,000 feet and is the zone the human body is adapted to.
2. Physiological Deficient Zone: 10,000 feet to 50,000 feet. Inadequate oxygen is
available to sustain normal physiologic functions.
3. Space equivalent zone: above 50,000 feet. Physiological problems are the same
as those for space; need protection in a sealed cabin or pressure suit.
, \.Dalton's Law - ANSWERS-The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the
sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture. The pressure exerted by
each gas in a mixture is independent of other gases in the mixture. Explains how
exposure to high altitude can reduce available oxygen.
\.Boyle's Law - ANSWERS-A volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure
surrounding it. Explains why a balloon expands as it ascends as well as the effects
of pressure changes in ears, sinuses, teeth and GI tract.
\.Henry's Law - ANSWERS-The amount of gas in a solution varies directly with the
partial pressure of that gas over the solution. If pressure is reduced above the
solution, some gas will come out of solution. Nitrogen bubbles.
\.Ideal Gas Law - ANSWERS-Illustrates how temperature is proportional to
pressure in an oxygen cylinder or how pressure is inversely proportional to volume
when volume is not fixed.
\.The Law of gaseous diffusion - ANSWERS-Gas will diffuse from an area of higher
concentration or pressure to an area of lower concentration or pressure until
equilibrium is reached. Relates to the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the lungs and bloodstream.
\.List the phases of respiration - ANSWERS-1. Ventilation: the volume of gas
exchanged between the lungs and the environment.
2. Diffusion: oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through alveolar membrane and
capillary walls into RBC.
3. Transportation: Oxygen carried by blood to cell and tissues for utilization.
