ATI PN FUNDAMENTALS PROCTORED
REVIEW SCRIPT 2026 FULL ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What is postural drainage?.
Answer: -method for clearing the lungs by changing position; the
Trendelenburg position is commonly used;
-allows gravity to help drain mucous from lower and middle portions of
lungs to the top of the lungs where it can be removed more easily
⩥ What is the *Reverse* Trendelenburg position?.
Answer: - entire bed is tilted with the *foot of bed lower* than head of
bed;
- promotes gastric emptying and prevents esophageal reflux;
- *remember*: you use your feet to go in *reverse* and your feet are
what tilt down for *reverse* Trendelenburg
⩥ What is the Modified Trendelenburg position?.
Answer: - client remains *flat* w/legs elevated above level of heart;
- used to prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitate venous return
⩥ What is flexion?.
Answer: a movement that *decreases* the angle
,⩥ What is extension?.
Answer: a movement that *increases* the angle
⩥ What is dorsiflexion?.
Answer: flexing the foot and toes upward
⩥ What is plantar flexion?.
Answer: bending the foot and toes downward
⩥ How is the Romberg test performed?.
Answer: - client stands with eyes closed, arms at side, and feet together;
- RN verifies balance if client can stand w/minimal swaying for at least 5
seconds
⩥ What are the stages of infection?.
Answer: 1) incubation;
2) prodromal;
3) illness;
4) convalescence
⩥ When is the incubation stage?.
,Answer: period between when the pathogen enters the body and the first
symptom appears
⩥ When is the prodromal stage?.
Answer: period from onset of general symptoms to more distinct
symptoms; [the pathogen is multiplying during this time]
⩥ When is the illness stage?.
Answer: period when symptoms specific to the infection occur
⩥ When is the convalescence stage?.
Answer: period when acute symptoms disappear; [total recovery could
take days to months]
⩥ What *labs* indicate the *presence of infection*?.
Answer: - WBC > 10,000 [aka leukocytosis];
- increase in specific type of WBCs [e.g., an increase in neutrophils aka
left shift];
- ESR > 20 - note that an increased ESR = active inflammatory process
or infection;
- presence of micro-organisms upon culture of fluid or area
⩥ How does good oral hygiene help prevent infection?.
, Answer: micro-organisms can migrate through breaks in oral mucosa --
good oral hygiene brushes away proteins that attract these micro-
organisms
⩥ How does consuming adequate fluids help prevent infection?.
Answer: - prevents stasis of urine by flushing the urinary tract and
decreasing the growth of micro-organisms;
- also keeps the skin from breaking down -- intact skin prevents micro-
organisms from entering the body
⩥ What is included in *pulmonary hygiene*?.
Answer: - turning;
- coughing;
- deep breathing;
- incentive spirometry
⩥ How does performing pulmonary hygiene every 2 hours decrease the
growth of micro-organisms and development of pneumonia for an
immobile client?.
Answer: - by preventing stasis of pulmonary excretions;
- stimulating ciliary movement and clearance;
- and expanding the lungs
REVIEW SCRIPT 2026 FULL ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What is postural drainage?.
Answer: -method for clearing the lungs by changing position; the
Trendelenburg position is commonly used;
-allows gravity to help drain mucous from lower and middle portions of
lungs to the top of the lungs where it can be removed more easily
⩥ What is the *Reverse* Trendelenburg position?.
Answer: - entire bed is tilted with the *foot of bed lower* than head of
bed;
- promotes gastric emptying and prevents esophageal reflux;
- *remember*: you use your feet to go in *reverse* and your feet are
what tilt down for *reverse* Trendelenburg
⩥ What is the Modified Trendelenburg position?.
Answer: - client remains *flat* w/legs elevated above level of heart;
- used to prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitate venous return
⩥ What is flexion?.
Answer: a movement that *decreases* the angle
,⩥ What is extension?.
Answer: a movement that *increases* the angle
⩥ What is dorsiflexion?.
Answer: flexing the foot and toes upward
⩥ What is plantar flexion?.
Answer: bending the foot and toes downward
⩥ How is the Romberg test performed?.
Answer: - client stands with eyes closed, arms at side, and feet together;
- RN verifies balance if client can stand w/minimal swaying for at least 5
seconds
⩥ What are the stages of infection?.
Answer: 1) incubation;
2) prodromal;
3) illness;
4) convalescence
⩥ When is the incubation stage?.
,Answer: period between when the pathogen enters the body and the first
symptom appears
⩥ When is the prodromal stage?.
Answer: period from onset of general symptoms to more distinct
symptoms; [the pathogen is multiplying during this time]
⩥ When is the illness stage?.
Answer: period when symptoms specific to the infection occur
⩥ When is the convalescence stage?.
Answer: period when acute symptoms disappear; [total recovery could
take days to months]
⩥ What *labs* indicate the *presence of infection*?.
Answer: - WBC > 10,000 [aka leukocytosis];
- increase in specific type of WBCs [e.g., an increase in neutrophils aka
left shift];
- ESR > 20 - note that an increased ESR = active inflammatory process
or infection;
- presence of micro-organisms upon culture of fluid or area
⩥ How does good oral hygiene help prevent infection?.
, Answer: micro-organisms can migrate through breaks in oral mucosa --
good oral hygiene brushes away proteins that attract these micro-
organisms
⩥ How does consuming adequate fluids help prevent infection?.
Answer: - prevents stasis of urine by flushing the urinary tract and
decreasing the growth of micro-organisms;
- also keeps the skin from breaking down -- intact skin prevents micro-
organisms from entering the body
⩥ What is included in *pulmonary hygiene*?.
Answer: - turning;
- coughing;
- deep breathing;
- incentive spirometry
⩥ How does performing pulmonary hygiene every 2 hours decrease the
growth of micro-organisms and development of pneumonia for an
immobile client?.
Answer: - by preventing stasis of pulmonary excretions;
- stimulating ciliary movement and clearance;
- and expanding the lungs
