NR283 / NR-283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING |
REAL QUESTIONS + DETAILED ANSWERS - LATEST VERSION - TOP RATED
2026/2027 (PASS GUARANTEE)
NR-324 (Adult Health I) and NR-325 (Adult Health II
Q: Which artery is the primary source of blood for the anterior wall of the
heart?
ANSWER Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery.
Q: What is the primary symptom of angina pectoris?
ANSWER Chest pain or pressure caused by myocardial ischemia.
Q: Which laboratory test is the most specific indicator for myocardial
infarction (MI)?
ANSWER Troponin I and Troponin T.
Q: A patient reports chest pain. What is the nurse's first action?
ANSWER Assess the patient's vital signs and administer oxygen if needed,
then follow the MONA protocol (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin) per
protocol.
Q: What is the hallmark sign of aortic stenosis?
ANSWER Chest pain (angina), syncope, and dyspnea.
Q: Which heart sound signifies increased pressure within the ventricle
due to volume overload?
ANSWER S3 heart sound (ventricular gallop).
Q: What condition is indicated by a "blowing" systolic murmur heard at
the left sternal border?
ANSWER Mitral regurgitation.
,Q: What is the primary treatment for a Stable Angina attack?
ANSWER Nitroglycerin (sublingual).
Q: What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?
ANSWER Stable angina occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest/nitro;
unstable angina occurs at rest, is more severe, and is a precursor to MI.
Q: Which medication is a "clot buster" used within the first few hours of
an MI?
ANSWER Thrombolytics (e.g., Alteplase/tPA).
Q: What is the primary side effect of Statin drugs (e.g., Atorvastatin)?
ANSWER Myopathy (muscle pain) and elevated liver enzymes.
Q: A patient with Left-Sided Heart Failure is likely to exhibit which
pulmonary symptom?
ANSWER Dyspnea, crackles, and orthopnea.
Q: A patient with Right-Sided Heart Failure is likely to exhibit which
systemic symptom?
ANSWER Peripheral edema (dependent edema), jugular venous
distention (JVD), and hepatomegaly.
Q: What is the primary cause of cor pulmonale?
ANSWER Pulmonary hypertension (right heart failure caused by lung
disease).
Q: What are the classic symptoms of cardiogenic shock?
ANSWER Hypotension, tachycardia, cool/clammy skin, and decreased
urine output.
Q: What is the primary purpose of ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Lisinopril) in heart
failure?
ANSWER Vasodilation to decrease afterload and prevent ventricular
remodeling.
Q: What dietary restriction is essential for patients with heart failure?
ANSWER Sodium restriction (usually 2-3g/day).
Q: What is the medical term for an abnormally low heart rate (<60 bpm)?
, ANSWER Bradycardia.
Q: What is the primary treatment for symptomatic bradycardia?
ANSWER Atropine.
Q: Which cardiac rhythm is characterized by the "absence" of P waves and
an irregularly irregular rhythm?
ANSWER Atrial Fibrillation (Afib).
Q: What is the major risk factor for a patient with Atrial Fibrillation?
ANSWER Stroke (due to thrombus formation in the atria).
Q: What medication is commonly prescribed to prevent stroke in patients
with Atrial Fibrillation?
ANSWER Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin, Apixaban, Heparin).
Q: What is the classic rhythm seen in a patient experiencing Cardiac
Arrest?
ANSWER Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib) or Pulseless Ventricular
Tachycardia (VTach).
Q: What is the immediate treatment for Ventricular Fibrillation?
ANSWER Defibrillation (shock).
Q: What is Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)?
ANSWER An early impulse originating from the ventricles, causing a
pause after the beat.
Q: What is Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)?
ANSWER A organized rhythm on the monitor, but no pulse is palpable.
Q: What is the function of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)?
ANSWER To detect and treat lethal arrhythmias (shock the heart).
Q: What is the most common symptom of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
(AAA)?
ANSWER Pulsating mass in the abdomen; often asymptomatic until
rupture.
Q: What is a life-threatening complication of an AAA rupture?
REAL QUESTIONS + DETAILED ANSWERS - LATEST VERSION - TOP RATED
2026/2027 (PASS GUARANTEE)
NR-324 (Adult Health I) and NR-325 (Adult Health II
Q: Which artery is the primary source of blood for the anterior wall of the
heart?
ANSWER Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery.
Q: What is the primary symptom of angina pectoris?
ANSWER Chest pain or pressure caused by myocardial ischemia.
Q: Which laboratory test is the most specific indicator for myocardial
infarction (MI)?
ANSWER Troponin I and Troponin T.
Q: A patient reports chest pain. What is the nurse's first action?
ANSWER Assess the patient's vital signs and administer oxygen if needed,
then follow the MONA protocol (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin) per
protocol.
Q: What is the hallmark sign of aortic stenosis?
ANSWER Chest pain (angina), syncope, and dyspnea.
Q: Which heart sound signifies increased pressure within the ventricle
due to volume overload?
ANSWER S3 heart sound (ventricular gallop).
Q: What condition is indicated by a "blowing" systolic murmur heard at
the left sternal border?
ANSWER Mitral regurgitation.
,Q: What is the primary treatment for a Stable Angina attack?
ANSWER Nitroglycerin (sublingual).
Q: What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?
ANSWER Stable angina occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest/nitro;
unstable angina occurs at rest, is more severe, and is a precursor to MI.
Q: Which medication is a "clot buster" used within the first few hours of
an MI?
ANSWER Thrombolytics (e.g., Alteplase/tPA).
Q: What is the primary side effect of Statin drugs (e.g., Atorvastatin)?
ANSWER Myopathy (muscle pain) and elevated liver enzymes.
Q: A patient with Left-Sided Heart Failure is likely to exhibit which
pulmonary symptom?
ANSWER Dyspnea, crackles, and orthopnea.
Q: A patient with Right-Sided Heart Failure is likely to exhibit which
systemic symptom?
ANSWER Peripheral edema (dependent edema), jugular venous
distention (JVD), and hepatomegaly.
Q: What is the primary cause of cor pulmonale?
ANSWER Pulmonary hypertension (right heart failure caused by lung
disease).
Q: What are the classic symptoms of cardiogenic shock?
ANSWER Hypotension, tachycardia, cool/clammy skin, and decreased
urine output.
Q: What is the primary purpose of ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Lisinopril) in heart
failure?
ANSWER Vasodilation to decrease afterload and prevent ventricular
remodeling.
Q: What dietary restriction is essential for patients with heart failure?
ANSWER Sodium restriction (usually 2-3g/day).
Q: What is the medical term for an abnormally low heart rate (<60 bpm)?
, ANSWER Bradycardia.
Q: What is the primary treatment for symptomatic bradycardia?
ANSWER Atropine.
Q: Which cardiac rhythm is characterized by the "absence" of P waves and
an irregularly irregular rhythm?
ANSWER Atrial Fibrillation (Afib).
Q: What is the major risk factor for a patient with Atrial Fibrillation?
ANSWER Stroke (due to thrombus formation in the atria).
Q: What medication is commonly prescribed to prevent stroke in patients
with Atrial Fibrillation?
ANSWER Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin, Apixaban, Heparin).
Q: What is the classic rhythm seen in a patient experiencing Cardiac
Arrest?
ANSWER Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib) or Pulseless Ventricular
Tachycardia (VTach).
Q: What is the immediate treatment for Ventricular Fibrillation?
ANSWER Defibrillation (shock).
Q: What is Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)?
ANSWER An early impulse originating from the ventricles, causing a
pause after the beat.
Q: What is Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)?
ANSWER A organized rhythm on the monitor, but no pulse is palpable.
Q: What is the function of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)?
ANSWER To detect and treat lethal arrhythmias (shock the heart).
Q: What is the most common symptom of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
(AAA)?
ANSWER Pulsating mass in the abdomen; often asymptomatic until
rupture.
Q: What is a life-threatening complication of an AAA rupture?
