NR602 PRIMARY CARE CHILDBEARING CHILDREARING
MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 | Grade A 100%
Comprehensive | Complete Solutions | Pass Guaranteed -
A+ Graded
Section 1: Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology Review
(Questions 1-10)
Question 1
A 28-year-old patient asks about the hormone responsible for triggering ovulation.
Which hormone surge occurs approximately 24-36 hours before ovulation?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Correct Answer: C. Luteinizing hormone (LH) [CORRECT]
Rationale: The LH surge triggers the final maturation and release of the oocyte from
the ovarian follicle approximately 24-36 hours before ovulation. While estrogen rises
and triggers the LH surge, LH is the direct hormonal trigger. FSH stimulates follicular
growth in the follicular phase, and progesterone dominates the luteal phase.
Correct Answer: C
Question 2
During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which structure produces
progesterone to maintain the endometrium?
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A. Ovarian follicle
B. Corpus luteum
C. Graafian follicle
D. Endometrial lining
Correct Answer: B. Corpus luteum [CORRECT]
Rationale: After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum,
which secretes progesterone to prepare and maintain the endometrium for potential
implantation. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates,
progesterone falls, and menstruation begins. The ovarian and Graafian follicles are
pre-ovulatory structures.
Correct Answer: B
Question 3
A couple is trying to conceive. The nurse practitioner counsels them that fertilization
typically occurs in which anatomic location?
A. Uterine cavity
B. Cervical canal
C. Ampulla of the fallopian tube
D. Ovarian cortex
Correct Answer: C. Ampulla of the fallopian tube [CORRECT]
Rationale: Fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla, the widest portion of
the fallopian tube. The ovum remains viable for 12-24 hours after ovulation, and
sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days, creating a fertile
window. The uterine cavity is where implantation occurs days later.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4
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Implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium typically occurs how many days
after fertilization?
A. 1-2 days
B. 3-4 days
C. 6-10 days
D. 14-16 days
Correct Answer: C. 6-10 days [CORRECT]
Rationale: The fertilized ovum undergoes cleavage as it travels through the fallopian
tube, reaching the uterus as a blastocyst approximately 3-4 days after fertilization.
Implantation into the endometrial lining typically occurs 6-10 days after fertilization
(about day 20-24 of a 28-day cycle).
Correct Answer: C
Question 5
Which placental hormone is detected in maternal serum and urine to confirm
pregnancy, and maintains the corpus luteum during early gestation?
A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. Progesterone
D. Estriol
Correct Answer: B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) [CORRECT]
Rationale: hCG is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast after implantation and is the
basis for pregnancy tests. It maintains the corpus luteum, ensuring continued
progesterone production until the placenta assumes this function at approximately
10-12 weeks gestation. hPL regulates glucose availability, and estriol is a later marker
of fetal well-being.
Correct Answer: B
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Question 6
During pregnancy, which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine
growth and development of mammary ducts?
A. Progesterone
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. Estrogen
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C. Estrogen [CORRECT]
Rationale: Estrogen (primarily estriol in pregnancy) stimulates uterine growth,
increases uteroplacental blood flow, and promotes mammary duct development.
Progesterone maintains the endometrium and supports alveolar development in the
breast but does not primarily drive uterine growth. hCG maintains the corpus luteum,
and oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions.
Correct Answer: C
Question 7
A pregnant patient at 28 weeks asks about the hormone responsible for increasing
her insulin resistance to ensure glucose availability for the fetus. Which hormone
serves this function?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
D. Relaxin
Correct Answer: C. Human placental lactogen (hPL) [CORRECT]
Rationale: Human placental lactogen (hPL), also called human chorionic
somatomammotropin, has anti-insulin and growth-promoting effects. It increases
maternal insulin resistance to facilitate glucose transfer to the fetus and promotes
breast development for lactation. Estrogen and progesterone support the pregnancy
but do not primarily mediate insulin resistance.