NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Final
Exam Review | Latest Update | Exam Prep
1. Describe how vitamin B12 deficiency leads to macrocytic normochromic
anemia.
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes excessive iron absorption, resulting in
smaller red blood cells.
Vitamin B12 deficiency has no impact on red blood cell production.
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to increased red blood cell destruction in
the spleen.
Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis, leading to the
production of larger than normal red blood cells.
2. A 35-year-old female patient is seen in the clinic complaining of abdominal
pain. Which of the following should be included in the examination/work up?
Lumbar spine
Family history of cardiac problems
Contrast venography
Pelvic exam and urine hCG
3. If a patient presents with recurrent abdominal pain that worsens after eating,
what condition should be considered based on the symptoms?
Appendicitis
Urinary tract infection
Gastric ulcer
Diverticulitis
,4. A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue and pallor. Upon examination,
macrocytic normochromic anemia is diagnosed. Which gastrointestinal
condition should be considered as a potential underlying cause?
Celiac disease
Urinary tract infection
Diverticulitis
Appendicitis
5. What is the standard treatment regimen for H. pylori gastritis?
Single antibiotic therapy
14-day triple therapy
Proton pump inhibitors only
7-day dual therapy
6. Which information will the nurse provide for a patient with newly diagnosed
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
—Keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks.ǁ
—Vigorous exercise may increase the incidence of reflux.ǁ
—Avoid eating between meals to reduce acid secretion.ǁ
—Peppermint tea may reduce your symptoms.ǁ
7. If a patient presents with a gastric ulcer and expresses anxiety about the
possibility of cancer, what steps should the clinician take to address this
concern while ensuring appropriate management?
Only perform a physical examination and prescribe medication.
Immediately refer the patient for surgery without further assessment.
, Tell the patient to ignore their concerns and focus on medication.
Conduct a thorough evaluation and provide education on the nature
of gastric ulcers.
8. If a patient with chronic CLL is classified as stage 3 according to the REI
system, what implications might this have for their treatment plan?
The treatment plan may include more aggressive therapies due to
the advanced stage of the disease.
The treatment plan will involve only watchful waiting.
The treatment plan will focus solely on dietary changes.
The treatment plan will likely remain unchanged as stage 3 is not
severe.
9. Older individuals with decreased hemoglobin levels should be:
given a prescription for an iron supplement
reassessed because of the chance of laboratory error
investigated for a blood loss
instructed to eat more dairy products
10. A 42 year old male has been diagnosed with h pylori gastritis which was
confirmed by urea breath test. The clinician has given the patient a
prescription for a standard 14 day triple therapy regimen. Which is correct
regarding treatment?
Repeat test 4 weeks after therapy completion
advise that follow up is not needed
Serological antibody test
, 11. To differentiate among the different diagnoses of inflammatory bowel
diseases, you look at the client's histological, culture, and radiological
features. Mary has transmural inflammation, granulomas, focal involvement of
the colon with some skipped areas, and sparing of the rectal mucosa. What
do you suspect?
Ischemic colitis.
Infectious colitis.
Crohn disease.
Ulcerative colitis.
12. A patient presents with symptoms of abdominal pain and has a history of
peptic ulcers. If a test confirms the presence of Helicobacter pylori, what
would be the most appropriate initial management strategy?
Initiate a triple therapy regimen including antibiotics and a proton
pump inhibitor.
Prescribe only antacids for symptom relief.
Schedule surgery to remove the affected area.
Recommend dietary changes without medication.
13. A physician calls the laboratory and asks if there is a test that will
differentiate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from Crohn disease. Which test
should the medical laboratory scientist recommend?
Plasma MPO
Fecal calprotectin
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
High-sensitivity CRP
Exam Review | Latest Update | Exam Prep
1. Describe how vitamin B12 deficiency leads to macrocytic normochromic
anemia.
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes excessive iron absorption, resulting in
smaller red blood cells.
Vitamin B12 deficiency has no impact on red blood cell production.
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to increased red blood cell destruction in
the spleen.
Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis, leading to the
production of larger than normal red blood cells.
2. A 35-year-old female patient is seen in the clinic complaining of abdominal
pain. Which of the following should be included in the examination/work up?
Lumbar spine
Family history of cardiac problems
Contrast venography
Pelvic exam and urine hCG
3. If a patient presents with recurrent abdominal pain that worsens after eating,
what condition should be considered based on the symptoms?
Appendicitis
Urinary tract infection
Gastric ulcer
Diverticulitis
,4. A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue and pallor. Upon examination,
macrocytic normochromic anemia is diagnosed. Which gastrointestinal
condition should be considered as a potential underlying cause?
Celiac disease
Urinary tract infection
Diverticulitis
Appendicitis
5. What is the standard treatment regimen for H. pylori gastritis?
Single antibiotic therapy
14-day triple therapy
Proton pump inhibitors only
7-day dual therapy
6. Which information will the nurse provide for a patient with newly diagnosed
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
—Keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks.ǁ
—Vigorous exercise may increase the incidence of reflux.ǁ
—Avoid eating between meals to reduce acid secretion.ǁ
—Peppermint tea may reduce your symptoms.ǁ
7. If a patient presents with a gastric ulcer and expresses anxiety about the
possibility of cancer, what steps should the clinician take to address this
concern while ensuring appropriate management?
Only perform a physical examination and prescribe medication.
Immediately refer the patient for surgery without further assessment.
, Tell the patient to ignore their concerns and focus on medication.
Conduct a thorough evaluation and provide education on the nature
of gastric ulcers.
8. If a patient with chronic CLL is classified as stage 3 according to the REI
system, what implications might this have for their treatment plan?
The treatment plan may include more aggressive therapies due to
the advanced stage of the disease.
The treatment plan will involve only watchful waiting.
The treatment plan will focus solely on dietary changes.
The treatment plan will likely remain unchanged as stage 3 is not
severe.
9. Older individuals with decreased hemoglobin levels should be:
given a prescription for an iron supplement
reassessed because of the chance of laboratory error
investigated for a blood loss
instructed to eat more dairy products
10. A 42 year old male has been diagnosed with h pylori gastritis which was
confirmed by urea breath test. The clinician has given the patient a
prescription for a standard 14 day triple therapy regimen. Which is correct
regarding treatment?
Repeat test 4 weeks after therapy completion
advise that follow up is not needed
Serological antibody test
, 11. To differentiate among the different diagnoses of inflammatory bowel
diseases, you look at the client's histological, culture, and radiological
features. Mary has transmural inflammation, granulomas, focal involvement of
the colon with some skipped areas, and sparing of the rectal mucosa. What
do you suspect?
Ischemic colitis.
Infectious colitis.
Crohn disease.
Ulcerative colitis.
12. A patient presents with symptoms of abdominal pain and has a history of
peptic ulcers. If a test confirms the presence of Helicobacter pylori, what
would be the most appropriate initial management strategy?
Initiate a triple therapy regimen including antibiotics and a proton
pump inhibitor.
Prescribe only antacids for symptom relief.
Schedule surgery to remove the affected area.
Recommend dietary changes without medication.
13. A physician calls the laboratory and asks if there is a test that will
differentiate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from Crohn disease. Which test
should the medical laboratory scientist recommend?
Plasma MPO
Fecal calprotectin
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
High-sensitivity CRP
