1
NUR 212 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE FINAL EXAM
2025/2026 | Complete Set | 100% Accurate Verified Answers
| Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Nursing Process, Critical Thinking & Clinical Judgment (Q1-15)
Q1. A nurse collects data during the initial patient encounter. Which activity
represents the Assessment phase of the nursing process? A. Administering
prescribed medications B. Documenting a nursing diagnosis of impaired skin
integrity C. Obtaining vital signs and reviewing the patient's health history D.
Evaluating the patient's response to interventions
Correct Answer: C. Obtaining vital signs and reviewing the patient's health history
[CORRECT]
Rationale: Assessment involves systematic collection of subjective and objective
data. Administering medications is Implementation; documenting a diagnosis is the
Diagnosis phase; evaluating responses is Evaluation.
Correct Answer: C
Q2. A patient states, "I am having severe chest pain that radiates to my left arm." This
statement is classified as: A. Objective data B. Subjective data C. A medical diagnosis
D. An evaluation finding
Correct Answer: B. Subjective data [CORRECT]
Rationale: Subjective data includes symptoms, feelings, and perceptions that only
the patient can describe. Objective data is observable and measurable; medical
diagnosis identifies disease; evaluation assesses outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
,2
Q3. A nurse identifies that a patient is at risk for falls due to unsteady gait. This is an
example of: A. A medical diagnosis B. An actual nursing diagnosis C. A risk nursing
diagnosis D. A collaborative problem
Correct Answer: C. A risk nursing diagnosis [CORRECT]
Rationale: A risk nursing diagnosis identifies a vulnerability to develop a negative
health condition when no problem currently exists. Medical diagnoses identify
pathology; actual nursing diagnoses describe existing problems; collaborative
problems require interdisciplinary management.
Correct Answer: C
Q4. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need should the nurse address
first? A. Need for social support after discharge B. Need for adequate oxygenation
and airway patency C. Need for self-esteem following body image changes D. Need
for pain management
Correct Answer: B. Need for adequate oxygenation and airway patency [CORRECT]
Rationale: Maslow prioritizes physiological needs first, with airway and oxygenation
being the highest priority. Social support, self-esteem, and even pain management
follow after life-sustaining needs are met.
Correct Answer: B
Q5. A postoperative patient reports pain of 8/10, has BP 88/52, HR 128, and RR 28
with shallow respirations. Which action takes priority using the ABC framework? A.
Administering the ordered analgesic B. Assessing the surgical incision for infection C.
Initiating fluid resuscitation and calling the provider for hypotension D. Encouraging
the patient to use the incentive spirometer
,3
Correct Answer: C. Initiating fluid resuscitation and calling the provider for
hypotension [CORRECT]
Rationale: The ABC framework and clinical judgment prioritize circulation (shock
from hypotension and tachycardia) over pain, incision assessment, or respiratory
interventions. This patient shows signs of hemorrhagic shock requiring immediate
intervention.
Correct Answer: C
Q6. In the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model, a nurse notices a patient's
oxygen saturation has dropped from 96% to 88%. This step is: A. Analyze cues B.
Prioritize hypotheses C. Recognize cues D. Generate solutions
Correct Answer: C. Recognize cues [CORRECT]
Rationale: Recognizing cues involves identifying relevant and significant data from
assessments. Analyzing cues involves interpreting data; prioritizing hypotheses ranks
problems; generating solutions identifies nursing actions.
Correct Answer: C
Q7. A nurse reviews data and determines that a patient's elevated blood glucose is
related to insufficient insulin dosing. This represents which step of the NCSBN
Clinical Judgment Model? A. Recognize cues B. Analyze cues C. Take action D.
Evaluate outcomes
Correct Answer: B. Analyze cues [CORRECT]
Rationale: Analyzing cues involves linking recognized data to pathophysiology and
identifying relationships. Recognizing cues is data collection; taking action is
implementation; evaluating outcomes measures effectiveness.
Correct Answer: B
, 4
Q8. A nurse establishes the goal: "Patient will demonstrate correct insulin injection
technique prior to discharge." This goal is: A. A medical diagnosis B. A nursing
diagnosis C. A measurable outcome statement D. An evaluation criterion
Correct Answer: C. A measurable outcome statement [CORRECT]
Rationale: Outcome statements in the Planning phase should be specific,
measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). This goal specifies the
behavior and timeframe. Medical and nursing diagnoses are not goals; evaluation
criteria assess outcomes after intervention.
Correct Answer: C
Q9. A nurse administers a prescribed antibiotic and documents the medication given.
This is: A. Assessment B. Planning C. Implementation D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: C. Implementation [CORRECT]
Rationale: Implementation involves carrying out planned nursing interventions
including medication administration. Assessment is data collection; planning
establishes goals; evaluation determines effectiveness.
Correct Answer: C
Q10. After teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet, the nurse asks the patient to
list three foods to avoid. This is: A. Implementation of the teaching plan B. Evaluation
of learning outcomes C. Assessment of dietary preferences D. Planning for discharge
Correct Answer: B. Evaluation of learning outcomes [CORRECT]
Rationale: Evaluation measures whether the patient achieved the desired learning
outcome. Implementation would be the teaching itself; assessment occurs before
teaching; planning occurs before implementation.
Correct Answer: B
NUR 212 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE FINAL EXAM
2025/2026 | Complete Set | 100% Accurate Verified Answers
| Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Nursing Process, Critical Thinking & Clinical Judgment (Q1-15)
Q1. A nurse collects data during the initial patient encounter. Which activity
represents the Assessment phase of the nursing process? A. Administering
prescribed medications B. Documenting a nursing diagnosis of impaired skin
integrity C. Obtaining vital signs and reviewing the patient's health history D.
Evaluating the patient's response to interventions
Correct Answer: C. Obtaining vital signs and reviewing the patient's health history
[CORRECT]
Rationale: Assessment involves systematic collection of subjective and objective
data. Administering medications is Implementation; documenting a diagnosis is the
Diagnosis phase; evaluating responses is Evaluation.
Correct Answer: C
Q2. A patient states, "I am having severe chest pain that radiates to my left arm." This
statement is classified as: A. Objective data B. Subjective data C. A medical diagnosis
D. An evaluation finding
Correct Answer: B. Subjective data [CORRECT]
Rationale: Subjective data includes symptoms, feelings, and perceptions that only
the patient can describe. Objective data is observable and measurable; medical
diagnosis identifies disease; evaluation assesses outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
,2
Q3. A nurse identifies that a patient is at risk for falls due to unsteady gait. This is an
example of: A. A medical diagnosis B. An actual nursing diagnosis C. A risk nursing
diagnosis D. A collaborative problem
Correct Answer: C. A risk nursing diagnosis [CORRECT]
Rationale: A risk nursing diagnosis identifies a vulnerability to develop a negative
health condition when no problem currently exists. Medical diagnoses identify
pathology; actual nursing diagnoses describe existing problems; collaborative
problems require interdisciplinary management.
Correct Answer: C
Q4. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need should the nurse address
first? A. Need for social support after discharge B. Need for adequate oxygenation
and airway patency C. Need for self-esteem following body image changes D. Need
for pain management
Correct Answer: B. Need for adequate oxygenation and airway patency [CORRECT]
Rationale: Maslow prioritizes physiological needs first, with airway and oxygenation
being the highest priority. Social support, self-esteem, and even pain management
follow after life-sustaining needs are met.
Correct Answer: B
Q5. A postoperative patient reports pain of 8/10, has BP 88/52, HR 128, and RR 28
with shallow respirations. Which action takes priority using the ABC framework? A.
Administering the ordered analgesic B. Assessing the surgical incision for infection C.
Initiating fluid resuscitation and calling the provider for hypotension D. Encouraging
the patient to use the incentive spirometer
,3
Correct Answer: C. Initiating fluid resuscitation and calling the provider for
hypotension [CORRECT]
Rationale: The ABC framework and clinical judgment prioritize circulation (shock
from hypotension and tachycardia) over pain, incision assessment, or respiratory
interventions. This patient shows signs of hemorrhagic shock requiring immediate
intervention.
Correct Answer: C
Q6. In the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model, a nurse notices a patient's
oxygen saturation has dropped from 96% to 88%. This step is: A. Analyze cues B.
Prioritize hypotheses C. Recognize cues D. Generate solutions
Correct Answer: C. Recognize cues [CORRECT]
Rationale: Recognizing cues involves identifying relevant and significant data from
assessments. Analyzing cues involves interpreting data; prioritizing hypotheses ranks
problems; generating solutions identifies nursing actions.
Correct Answer: C
Q7. A nurse reviews data and determines that a patient's elevated blood glucose is
related to insufficient insulin dosing. This represents which step of the NCSBN
Clinical Judgment Model? A. Recognize cues B. Analyze cues C. Take action D.
Evaluate outcomes
Correct Answer: B. Analyze cues [CORRECT]
Rationale: Analyzing cues involves linking recognized data to pathophysiology and
identifying relationships. Recognizing cues is data collection; taking action is
implementation; evaluating outcomes measures effectiveness.
Correct Answer: B
, 4
Q8. A nurse establishes the goal: "Patient will demonstrate correct insulin injection
technique prior to discharge." This goal is: A. A medical diagnosis B. A nursing
diagnosis C. A measurable outcome statement D. An evaluation criterion
Correct Answer: C. A measurable outcome statement [CORRECT]
Rationale: Outcome statements in the Planning phase should be specific,
measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). This goal specifies the
behavior and timeframe. Medical and nursing diagnoses are not goals; evaluation
criteria assess outcomes after intervention.
Correct Answer: C
Q9. A nurse administers a prescribed antibiotic and documents the medication given.
This is: A. Assessment B. Planning C. Implementation D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: C. Implementation [CORRECT]
Rationale: Implementation involves carrying out planned nursing interventions
including medication administration. Assessment is data collection; planning
establishes goals; evaluation determines effectiveness.
Correct Answer: C
Q10. After teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet, the nurse asks the patient to
list three foods to avoid. This is: A. Implementation of the teaching plan B. Evaluation
of learning outcomes C. Assessment of dietary preferences D. Planning for discharge
Correct Answer: B. Evaluation of learning outcomes [CORRECT]
Rationale: Evaluation measures whether the patient achieved the desired learning
outcome. Implementation would be the teaching itself; assessment occurs before
teaching; planning occurs before implementation.
Correct Answer: B
