BIO 251 FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST
2026 TEST BANK| BIO 251 FINAL EXAM PREP WITH
COMPLETE 450 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
Which scientist discussed in class is responsible for developing an
experimental procedure that allows us to prove a specific microbe causes
a specific infectious disease?
A. John Needham
B. Rosalind Franklin
C. Leo Spallanzani
D. Robert Koch - Correct Answer - D. Robert Koch
Which of the following is not included in the field of microbiology?
A. Bacteriology
B. Mycology
C. Parasitology
D. Ethology - Correct Answer - D. Ethology
The term used to describe which organism a virus can infect is?
A. Tissue tropism
B. None of these answers are correct
C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D. Host range - Correct Answer - D. Host range
pg. 1
,Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria - Correct Answer - D. Mitochondria
Infection of the epidermis, hair, and nails is caused by which class of
mycoses discussed in lecture?
A. Subcutaneous mycoses
B. Opportunistic mycoses
C. System mycoses
D. Cutaneous mycoses - Correct Answer - D. Cutaneous mycoses
Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a bacterial
cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleoid
D. Cell Wall - Correct Answer - A. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are only found in eukaryotes
Which of the following statements is true for Gram + cell walls, but
false for Gram - cell walls?
A. They contain an outer membrane
B. They are enterotoxic
pg. 2
,C. They contain lipoteichoic acid
D. They are made of peptidoglycan - Correct Answer - C. They contain
lipoteichoic acid
Gram + cells contain teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid to stiffen their
cell wall
What is the function of Gram's Iodine in a Gram stain?
A. It washes crystal violate out of Gram- cell walls
B. It is a counterstain
C. It acts to fix the crystal violate in place so that it cannot leave the cell
wall
D. It stains the Gram positive cell wall purple - Correct Answer - C. It
acts to fix the crystal violate in place so that it cannot leave the cell wall
Gram's Iodine acts as a mordent
Suppose you are studying a microbe that can survive for long periods of
time if given nothing but light. However, in order to grow and reproduce
it also requires citrate as a carbon source. How would you characterize
this cell.
A. Photoheterotroph
B. Photoautotroph
C. Chemoheterotroph
D. Chemoautotroph - Correct Answer - A. Photoheterotroph
it gets its energy from light and carbon from an organic source (citrate)
Quorum sensing is used by bacterial cells to determine which of the
following?
pg. 3
, A. the availability of nutrients
B. the size of the population
C. the density of the population
D. the speed of water flow - Correct Answer - C. the density of the
population
Which of the following might be an effective target of selective toxicity
in an archaea?
A. Peptidoglycan
B. Ribosomes
C. All of these would be good targets
D. Glycolysis - Correct Answer - B. Ribosomes
Which of the following items would need to be Sterile before use?
A. A blood pressure cuff
B. A stethoscope
C. A liquid given by mouth
D. A hypodermic needle - Correct Answer - D. A hypodermic needle
Which of the following is NOT a target of selective toxicity in bacteria?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid synthesis
C. Folic acid synthesis
D. Nucleic acid synthesis - Correct Answer - B. Lipid synthesis
pg. 4
2026 TEST BANK| BIO 251 FINAL EXAM PREP WITH
COMPLETE 450 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
Which scientist discussed in class is responsible for developing an
experimental procedure that allows us to prove a specific microbe causes
a specific infectious disease?
A. John Needham
B. Rosalind Franklin
C. Leo Spallanzani
D. Robert Koch - Correct Answer - D. Robert Koch
Which of the following is not included in the field of microbiology?
A. Bacteriology
B. Mycology
C. Parasitology
D. Ethology - Correct Answer - D. Ethology
The term used to describe which organism a virus can infect is?
A. Tissue tropism
B. None of these answers are correct
C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D. Host range - Correct Answer - D. Host range
pg. 1
,Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria - Correct Answer - D. Mitochondria
Infection of the epidermis, hair, and nails is caused by which class of
mycoses discussed in lecture?
A. Subcutaneous mycoses
B. Opportunistic mycoses
C. System mycoses
D. Cutaneous mycoses - Correct Answer - D. Cutaneous mycoses
Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a bacterial
cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleoid
D. Cell Wall - Correct Answer - A. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are only found in eukaryotes
Which of the following statements is true for Gram + cell walls, but
false for Gram - cell walls?
A. They contain an outer membrane
B. They are enterotoxic
pg. 2
,C. They contain lipoteichoic acid
D. They are made of peptidoglycan - Correct Answer - C. They contain
lipoteichoic acid
Gram + cells contain teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid to stiffen their
cell wall
What is the function of Gram's Iodine in a Gram stain?
A. It washes crystal violate out of Gram- cell walls
B. It is a counterstain
C. It acts to fix the crystal violate in place so that it cannot leave the cell
wall
D. It stains the Gram positive cell wall purple - Correct Answer - C. It
acts to fix the crystal violate in place so that it cannot leave the cell wall
Gram's Iodine acts as a mordent
Suppose you are studying a microbe that can survive for long periods of
time if given nothing but light. However, in order to grow and reproduce
it also requires citrate as a carbon source. How would you characterize
this cell.
A. Photoheterotroph
B. Photoautotroph
C. Chemoheterotroph
D. Chemoautotroph - Correct Answer - A. Photoheterotroph
it gets its energy from light and carbon from an organic source (citrate)
Quorum sensing is used by bacterial cells to determine which of the
following?
pg. 3
, A. the availability of nutrients
B. the size of the population
C. the density of the population
D. the speed of water flow - Correct Answer - C. the density of the
population
Which of the following might be an effective target of selective toxicity
in an archaea?
A. Peptidoglycan
B. Ribosomes
C. All of these would be good targets
D. Glycolysis - Correct Answer - B. Ribosomes
Which of the following items would need to be Sterile before use?
A. A blood pressure cuff
B. A stethoscope
C. A liquid given by mouth
D. A hypodermic needle - Correct Answer - D. A hypodermic needle
Which of the following is NOT a target of selective toxicity in bacteria?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid synthesis
C. Folic acid synthesis
D. Nucleic acid synthesis - Correct Answer - B. Lipid synthesis
pg. 4
