Summary Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

2 1 Atomic Theory JohnDalton
elements atoms
eachelement has differentatoms
atoms are identical
compounds must be made up of diffatoms
ratio of atoms to elements arewhole s
law ofdefinite proportions each compoundhas a set proportion mass
law of multiple proportions massofelement X in compoundA mass ofelement X in
compound B small whole whereX changes ratio
law of conservation of mass mass can't be created or

2 Structure of Atom
atom basi unit
destroyed2 emission of energythruspace
electron cathoderaytuberadiation
in wave form
nullius foil studies helped w atomicstructure
protons experimentradioactivity
ATOMgold
neutrons randomemission of particles
decay of radioactivesubstances produces
cloudproton
odot
oplus
neutron oplus
vdotsparticleselectron
iddots
alphawaves a
α particles
nucleus betawaves B
β
gamma waves 2 no charge not affectedby
magnetic

3 Atomic
atomic 2
massfielis2 isotopes
of protons andeleitronsforneutralatoms
chemicalidentity
mass A total of protons neutrons
A 2 1 neutrons X
A
2
isotopes elements w same 2 butdifferent A

2.4 Periodic Table
periodictable
periods horizontal
atomic
groups families verticle
similarchemproperties