## ✅ COMPLETE EXAM – QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
GRADED A+
### 📚 150 QUESTIONS – DETAILED RATIONALES –
WAY TO GO
# 🔴 HESI FUNDAMENTALS PRACTICE TEST – FULL
EXAM 2022/2023
---
## SECTION 1: BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS (Questions 1–30)
---
**1.** A nurse is caring for a client who has a new tracheostomy. Which action is most important for
maintaining a patent airway?
A) Humidify the oxygen delivered to the tracheostomy.
B) Suction the tracheostomy every 2 hours regardless of secretions.
C) Change the inner cannula once per shift.
D) Apply petroleum jelly to the stoma site.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** Humidification prevents drying and thickening of secretions, which can obstruct
the tracheostomy tube. Suctioning should be done only when needed, not on a fixed schedule. The
inner cannula is changed as needed. Petroleum jelly is flammable and should not be used near oxygen.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **A) Humidify the oxygen delivered to the tracheostomy.**
,---
**2.** A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client. Which action
demonstrates proper sterile technique?
A) Open the sterile kit before washing hands.
B) Use clean gloves for the insertion procedure.
C) Maintain a sterile field and keep the catheter tip sterile.
D) Cleanse the meatus from the anal area to the pubis.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** The catheter tip must remain sterile. Cleanse front to back (pubis to anus) to
avoid contamination. Sterile gloves are required.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Maintain a sterile field and keep the catheter tip sterile.**
---
**3.** A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube to low intermittent suction. The client
reports nausea and abdominal distension. Which action should the nurse take first?
A) Irrigate the NG tube with 30 mL of water.
B) Check tube placement and assess residual volume.
C) Remove the NG tube immediately.
D) Administer an antiemetic.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** First assess tube patency and residual volume. High residual may indicate gastric
retention. Never remove without an order.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Check tube placement and assess residual volume.**
---
,**4.** A patient is on fall precautions. Which intervention is most effective?
A) Keep all four bed rails up.
B) Use a bed alarm and ensure nonslip socks.
C) Place the patient in a vest restraint at night.
D) Keep the room completely dark.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** Bed alarms, nonslip footwear, low bed, and frequent rounding are
evidence‑based. Restraints increase injury risk.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Use a bed alarm and ensure nonslip socks.**
---
**5.** A nurse is assessing a patient’s peripheral IV site. Which finding indicates phlebitis?
A) Edema and coolness at the site.
B) Redness, warmth, and a palpable cord along the vein.
C) Leaking of clear fluid around the dressing.
D) Blanching of the skin with refill <2 seconds.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** Phlebitis signs: erythema, warmth, tenderness, and palpable venous cord.
Infiltration causes edema and coolness.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Redness, warmth, and a palpable cord along the vein.**
---
**6.** A patient who is postoperative day 2 after abdominal surgery has not had a bowel movement.
Which medication is most appropriate for opioid‑induced constipation?
A) Docusate (Colace) alone.
, B) Senna (Senokot) plus docusate.
C) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) suppository.
D) Polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX).
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** Opioid‑induced constipation often requires a stimulant laxative (senna or
bisacodyl) plus a stool softener. Docusate alone is often insufficient.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Senna (Senokot) plus docusate.**
---
**7.** A nurse is teaching a patient about using a metered‑dose inhaler (MDI). Which statement
indicates correct understanding?
A) “I will shake the inhaler well before each use.”
B) “I will inhale quickly through my nose.”
C) “I will hold my breath for 1 second after inhaling.”
D) “I will exhale fully after pressing the canister.”
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** MDI should be shaken, exhale fully, press and inhale slowly (not through nose),
hold breath for 10 seconds. Option A is correct.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **A) “I will shake the inhaler well before each use.”**
---
**8.** A patient with a terminal illness has a do‑not‑resuscitate (DNR) order. The patient goes into
cardiac arrest. Which action should the nurse take?
A) Begin CPR immediately.
B) Honor the DNR order and provide comfort care.
C) Call a code before checking the DNR.
GRADED A+
### 📚 150 QUESTIONS – DETAILED RATIONALES –
WAY TO GO
# 🔴 HESI FUNDAMENTALS PRACTICE TEST – FULL
EXAM 2022/2023
---
## SECTION 1: BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS (Questions 1–30)
---
**1.** A nurse is caring for a client who has a new tracheostomy. Which action is most important for
maintaining a patent airway?
A) Humidify the oxygen delivered to the tracheostomy.
B) Suction the tracheostomy every 2 hours regardless of secretions.
C) Change the inner cannula once per shift.
D) Apply petroleum jelly to the stoma site.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** Humidification prevents drying and thickening of secretions, which can obstruct
the tracheostomy tube. Suctioning should be done only when needed, not on a fixed schedule. The
inner cannula is changed as needed. Petroleum jelly is flammable and should not be used near oxygen.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **A) Humidify the oxygen delivered to the tracheostomy.**
,---
**2.** A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client. Which action
demonstrates proper sterile technique?
A) Open the sterile kit before washing hands.
B) Use clean gloves for the insertion procedure.
C) Maintain a sterile field and keep the catheter tip sterile.
D) Cleanse the meatus from the anal area to the pubis.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** The catheter tip must remain sterile. Cleanse front to back (pubis to anus) to
avoid contamination. Sterile gloves are required.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Maintain a sterile field and keep the catheter tip sterile.**
---
**3.** A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube to low intermittent suction. The client
reports nausea and abdominal distension. Which action should the nurse take first?
A) Irrigate the NG tube with 30 mL of water.
B) Check tube placement and assess residual volume.
C) Remove the NG tube immediately.
D) Administer an antiemetic.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** First assess tube patency and residual volume. High residual may indicate gastric
retention. Never remove without an order.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Check tube placement and assess residual volume.**
---
,**4.** A patient is on fall precautions. Which intervention is most effective?
A) Keep all four bed rails up.
B) Use a bed alarm and ensure nonslip socks.
C) Place the patient in a vest restraint at night.
D) Keep the room completely dark.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** Bed alarms, nonslip footwear, low bed, and frequent rounding are
evidence‑based. Restraints increase injury risk.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Use a bed alarm and ensure nonslip socks.**
---
**5.** A nurse is assessing a patient’s peripheral IV site. Which finding indicates phlebitis?
A) Edema and coolness at the site.
B) Redness, warmth, and a palpable cord along the vein.
C) Leaking of clear fluid around the dressing.
D) Blanching of the skin with refill <2 seconds.
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** Phlebitis signs: erythema, warmth, tenderness, and palpable venous cord.
Infiltration causes edema and coolness.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Redness, warmth, and a palpable cord along the vein.**
---
**6.** A patient who is postoperative day 2 after abdominal surgery has not had a bowel movement.
Which medication is most appropriate for opioid‑induced constipation?
A) Docusate (Colace) alone.
, B) Senna (Senokot) plus docusate.
C) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) suppository.
D) Polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX).
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** Opioid‑induced constipation often requires a stimulant laxative (senna or
bisacodyl) plus a stool softener. Docusate alone is often insufficient.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Senna (Senokot) plus docusate.**
---
**7.** A nurse is teaching a patient about using a metered‑dose inhaler (MDI). Which statement
indicates correct understanding?
A) “I will shake the inhaler well before each use.”
B) “I will inhale quickly through my nose.”
C) “I will hold my breath for 1 second after inhaling.”
D) “I will exhale fully after pressing the canister.”
🔍 **RATIONALE💡--** MDI should be shaken, exhale fully, press and inhale slowly (not through nose),
hold breath for 10 seconds. Option A is correct.
- ANSWER💫✔️-- **A) “I will shake the inhaler well before each use.”**
---
**8.** A patient with a terminal illness has a do‑not‑resuscitate (DNR) order. The patient goes into
cardiac arrest. Which action should the nurse take?
A) Begin CPR immediately.
B) Honor the DNR order and provide comfort care.
C) Call a code before checking the DNR.
