COG 301 Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
'visual neglect' example Correct Answers when such patients
are asked to describe scenes from memory, such as a familiar
piazza, they similarly neglect one side of the image. When they
are asked to imagine standing at the other end of the piazza, they
again ignore one side - the opposite side to the one they
neglected in their first description
"Mexican-hat" profile Correct Answers The profile of the
Gaussian is simply the well-known bell-shaped curve of
statistics. When the Laplacian is applied to the Gaussian, this
profile is produced; emphasizes the intensity values in the
central portions of the positive and negative areas;
"Mexican-hat" profile result Correct Answers for a given
window size, more zero-crossings are found, and they are
assigned more accurate spatial locations
"thing agnosia" Correct Answers inability to recognize "things"
(either inanimate or animate); people could have a deficit of
inanimate or animate only or they could have both
"thing agnosia" types Correct Answers artifacts (inanimate
objects)
living things
acquisition stage (stillings, memory) Correct Answers the time
when the person acquires the knowledge to be remembered (the
target knowledge)
,ACT Model of Memory Correct Answers refer to figure 9.1
(pg 167) in Johnson-Laird
the theory recognizes two types of long-term memories: those
for facts and experiences, and those for skills; these are called
forward to the working memory and carried out in ways that fit
the circumstances
akinetopsia Correct Answers inability to perceive motion
algorithm Correct Answers information processes defined in
terms of syntactic structures of inputs and build syntactically
structured outputs; the processes that operate on a representation
algorithmic level (Marr's explanation) Correct Answers how it
is computed, the specific formal process
Amnesiac Correct Answers inability to lay down new long
term memories
auditory memory types (STM) Correct Answers
Linguistic/Phonological
Nonlinguistic
Above are in different modules
basic operations of mental imagery Correct Answers rotation
zoom
scan
benefits of schemas and scripts Correct Answers schemas and
scripts prevent the brain from having to relearn what a basic
concept is every time it is seen or done
,example: going to a new restaurant in same culture, a person
expect their to be a waiter, expects the check to be given at end,
etc...
OR
example: going to someone else's kitchen for first time (in same
culture), a person expects, countertops, a fridge, a stove, etc...
binocular disparity Correct Answers the difference in image
location of an object seen by the left and right eye; slight
disparities between the two retinal images
Bjork and Bjork Experiment Correct Answers Gave people 20
lists of words; tested memory in 2 ways per list; surprise test at
end of all 20 lists (participants not told from beginning)
Bjork and Bjork Manipulation (of Groups) Correct Answers
Group #1: Rehearse technique
Group#2: Elaboration technique
Bjork and Bjork Results (20-list test, elaboration group) Correct
Answers Free Recall: Much Better
Yes/No: Better
Bjork and Bjork Results (20-list test, rehearsal group) Correct
Answers Free Recall: Not as good
Yes/No: Not as good
Bjork and Bjork Results (single test, elaboration group) Correct
Answers Free Recall: Not as good
Yes/No: Better
, Bjork and Bjork Results (single test, rehearsal group) Correct
Answers Free Recall: Better
Yes/No: Not as good
blindsight Correct Answers damage to cortical visual
processing (in brain not eyes); have blind field which means
there is an area where they say they see nothing; can figure out
what was in this field more often than not (as if they actually
saw it), but they did not actually see it (their brain called up no
visual representation of it); not working in primary visual
pathways, but working in places like superioncolliculus
bottom-up processing Correct Answers processing sensory
information as it is coming in; refers to the way it is built up
from the smallest pieces of sensory information; match the
intensity values in the pair of grey-level arrays
calculation (middle vision, 3 stages) Correct Answers
triangulate distance of measured points
Case Study: H.M. Correct Answers bilateral removal of
hipocampus; amnesiac; could recall events before damage; his
short-term ability to remember a telephone number was
unimpaired and he was still able to learn new manual skills
Case Study: K.F. Correct Answers brain damage; virtually no
short-term memory for words or digits; able to lay down
experiences in his long-term memory and to recall them
'visual neglect' example Correct Answers when such patients
are asked to describe scenes from memory, such as a familiar
piazza, they similarly neglect one side of the image. When they
are asked to imagine standing at the other end of the piazza, they
again ignore one side - the opposite side to the one they
neglected in their first description
"Mexican-hat" profile Correct Answers The profile of the
Gaussian is simply the well-known bell-shaped curve of
statistics. When the Laplacian is applied to the Gaussian, this
profile is produced; emphasizes the intensity values in the
central portions of the positive and negative areas;
"Mexican-hat" profile result Correct Answers for a given
window size, more zero-crossings are found, and they are
assigned more accurate spatial locations
"thing agnosia" Correct Answers inability to recognize "things"
(either inanimate or animate); people could have a deficit of
inanimate or animate only or they could have both
"thing agnosia" types Correct Answers artifacts (inanimate
objects)
living things
acquisition stage (stillings, memory) Correct Answers the time
when the person acquires the knowledge to be remembered (the
target knowledge)
,ACT Model of Memory Correct Answers refer to figure 9.1
(pg 167) in Johnson-Laird
the theory recognizes two types of long-term memories: those
for facts and experiences, and those for skills; these are called
forward to the working memory and carried out in ways that fit
the circumstances
akinetopsia Correct Answers inability to perceive motion
algorithm Correct Answers information processes defined in
terms of syntactic structures of inputs and build syntactically
structured outputs; the processes that operate on a representation
algorithmic level (Marr's explanation) Correct Answers how it
is computed, the specific formal process
Amnesiac Correct Answers inability to lay down new long
term memories
auditory memory types (STM) Correct Answers
Linguistic/Phonological
Nonlinguistic
Above are in different modules
basic operations of mental imagery Correct Answers rotation
zoom
scan
benefits of schemas and scripts Correct Answers schemas and
scripts prevent the brain from having to relearn what a basic
concept is every time it is seen or done
,example: going to a new restaurant in same culture, a person
expect their to be a waiter, expects the check to be given at end,
etc...
OR
example: going to someone else's kitchen for first time (in same
culture), a person expects, countertops, a fridge, a stove, etc...
binocular disparity Correct Answers the difference in image
location of an object seen by the left and right eye; slight
disparities between the two retinal images
Bjork and Bjork Experiment Correct Answers Gave people 20
lists of words; tested memory in 2 ways per list; surprise test at
end of all 20 lists (participants not told from beginning)
Bjork and Bjork Manipulation (of Groups) Correct Answers
Group #1: Rehearse technique
Group#2: Elaboration technique
Bjork and Bjork Results (20-list test, elaboration group) Correct
Answers Free Recall: Much Better
Yes/No: Better
Bjork and Bjork Results (20-list test, rehearsal group) Correct
Answers Free Recall: Not as good
Yes/No: Not as good
Bjork and Bjork Results (single test, elaboration group) Correct
Answers Free Recall: Not as good
Yes/No: Better
, Bjork and Bjork Results (single test, rehearsal group) Correct
Answers Free Recall: Better
Yes/No: Not as good
blindsight Correct Answers damage to cortical visual
processing (in brain not eyes); have blind field which means
there is an area where they say they see nothing; can figure out
what was in this field more often than not (as if they actually
saw it), but they did not actually see it (their brain called up no
visual representation of it); not working in primary visual
pathways, but working in places like superioncolliculus
bottom-up processing Correct Answers processing sensory
information as it is coming in; refers to the way it is built up
from the smallest pieces of sensory information; match the
intensity values in the pair of grey-level arrays
calculation (middle vision, 3 stages) Correct Answers
triangulate distance of measured points
Case Study: H.M. Correct Answers bilateral removal of
hipocampus; amnesiac; could recall events before damage; his
short-term ability to remember a telephone number was
unimpaired and he was still able to learn new manual skills
Case Study: K.F. Correct Answers brain damage; virtually no
short-term memory for words or digits; able to lay down
experiences in his long-term memory and to recall them
