4N051 SSGT WAPS (Elaborations) Exam Questions with
Verified Answers 2026/2027 New Update
rollover crash - Answer -ejection and partial ejection are significant MOIs with unrestrained
passengers
centrifugal force
spinal cord injury
rotational collisions - Answer -similar to rollovers
can include lateral impact
car vs pedestrian - Answer --estimate the speed of the vehicle that struck the patient
-determine if the patient was ejected
-what surface did the patient land on
-at what distance or whether the patient was struck or pulled under the vehicle
-evaluate the vehicle for structural damage that might indicate contact points with the patient.
-multisystem injuries are common
-ALS backup should be called for significant MOI
car vs bicycle - Answer --estimate the speed of the vehicle that struck the patient
-evaluate damage to and the position of the bicycle
-determine if the patient was ejected
-what surface did the patient land on
1|Page
,-at what distance or whether the patient was struck or pulled under the vehicle
-evaluate the vehicle for structural damage that might indicate contact points with the patient.
-multisystem injuries are common
-ALS backup should be called for significant MOI
-inspect helmet
-presume spinal column or spinal cord injury
car vs motorcycle - Answer --look for deformity of the motorcycle
-the side of most damage
-the distance of the skid in the road
-the deformity of stationary objects or other vehicles
-extent and location of deformity in the helmet
-presume cervical column or spinal cord injuries
significant fall - Answer -more than 15' or 2-3 times the patient's height
suspect internal injuries
consider medical causes (sycope)
fall considerations - Answer -height of the fall
type of surface
part of the body that hit first
2|Page
,projectiles - Answer -any object propelled by force, such as a bullet by a weapon
trajectory - Answer -the path a projectile takes once it is propelled
cavitation - Answer -a phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves,
which cause damage distant from the bullets path
temporary cavitation - Answer -caused by the acceleration of the bullet and causes a stretching
of the tissues
permanent cavitation - Answer -caused by the bullet path and remains once the bullet has
passed through the tissue
primary blast injuries - Answer -these injuries are due entirely to the blast, damage to the body
is caused by the pressure wave generated by the explosion
secondary blast injuries - Answer -damage to the body results from being struck by flying debris,
such as shrapnel from the device or from glass or splinters which have been set in motion by the
explosion
3|Page
, tertiary blast injuries - Answer -these injuries occur when the patient is hurled by the force of
the explosion against a stationary object.
Quaternary blast injuries - Answer -this category of miscellaneous injuries includes burns from
hot gases or fires started by the blast
tympanic membrane - Answer -the eardrum; a thin, semi-transparent membrane in the middle
ear that transmits sound vibrations to the internal ear by means of auditory ossicles (ruptures at
pressures of 5 to 7 pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure
arterial air embolism - Answer -air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels
injuries to the head - Answer -require frequent neurologic examinations, changes in pupillary
size and reactivity can take time
injuries to the neck and throat - Answer -can result in airway problems, jugular vein distention,
tracheal deviation, swelling, and crushing can cause subcutaneous creptitation
injuries to the chest - Answer -fractured ribs or sternum, cardiac bruising, large vessel tear, lung
bruising, pneumothorax, open chest would can cause air pressure problems
4|Page
Verified Answers 2026/2027 New Update
rollover crash - Answer -ejection and partial ejection are significant MOIs with unrestrained
passengers
centrifugal force
spinal cord injury
rotational collisions - Answer -similar to rollovers
can include lateral impact
car vs pedestrian - Answer --estimate the speed of the vehicle that struck the patient
-determine if the patient was ejected
-what surface did the patient land on
-at what distance or whether the patient was struck or pulled under the vehicle
-evaluate the vehicle for structural damage that might indicate contact points with the patient.
-multisystem injuries are common
-ALS backup should be called for significant MOI
car vs bicycle - Answer --estimate the speed of the vehicle that struck the patient
-evaluate damage to and the position of the bicycle
-determine if the patient was ejected
-what surface did the patient land on
1|Page
,-at what distance or whether the patient was struck or pulled under the vehicle
-evaluate the vehicle for structural damage that might indicate contact points with the patient.
-multisystem injuries are common
-ALS backup should be called for significant MOI
-inspect helmet
-presume spinal column or spinal cord injury
car vs motorcycle - Answer --look for deformity of the motorcycle
-the side of most damage
-the distance of the skid in the road
-the deformity of stationary objects or other vehicles
-extent and location of deformity in the helmet
-presume cervical column or spinal cord injuries
significant fall - Answer -more than 15' or 2-3 times the patient's height
suspect internal injuries
consider medical causes (sycope)
fall considerations - Answer -height of the fall
type of surface
part of the body that hit first
2|Page
,projectiles - Answer -any object propelled by force, such as a bullet by a weapon
trajectory - Answer -the path a projectile takes once it is propelled
cavitation - Answer -a phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves,
which cause damage distant from the bullets path
temporary cavitation - Answer -caused by the acceleration of the bullet and causes a stretching
of the tissues
permanent cavitation - Answer -caused by the bullet path and remains once the bullet has
passed through the tissue
primary blast injuries - Answer -these injuries are due entirely to the blast, damage to the body
is caused by the pressure wave generated by the explosion
secondary blast injuries - Answer -damage to the body results from being struck by flying debris,
such as shrapnel from the device or from glass or splinters which have been set in motion by the
explosion
3|Page
, tertiary blast injuries - Answer -these injuries occur when the patient is hurled by the force of
the explosion against a stationary object.
Quaternary blast injuries - Answer -this category of miscellaneous injuries includes burns from
hot gases or fires started by the blast
tympanic membrane - Answer -the eardrum; a thin, semi-transparent membrane in the middle
ear that transmits sound vibrations to the internal ear by means of auditory ossicles (ruptures at
pressures of 5 to 7 pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure
arterial air embolism - Answer -air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels
injuries to the head - Answer -require frequent neurologic examinations, changes in pupillary
size and reactivity can take time
injuries to the neck and throat - Answer -can result in airway problems, jugular vein distention,
tracheal deviation, swelling, and crushing can cause subcutaneous creptitation
injuries to the chest - Answer -fractured ribs or sternum, cardiac bruising, large vessel tear, lung
bruising, pneumothorax, open chest would can cause air pressure problems
4|Page
