**HESI A2 A&P V1/V2 Exam 2025-2026: Comprehensive Study
Guide with Questions and Rationales to Pass on Your First
Attempt – 100 Questions**
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**1.** Which of the following is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body?
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Cell
D) System
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- The cell is the smallest independent unit of life that performs all vital functions.
Tissues are groups of cells, organs are groups of tissues, and systems are groups of organs.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Cell**
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**2.** Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
A) Coronal plane
B) Sagittal plane
C) Midsagittal (median) plane
D) Transverse plane
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- The midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into equal left and right halves.
A sagittal plane divides into unequal left and right portions.
,ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Midsagittal (median) plane**
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**3.** The term "proximal" means:
A) Closer to the midline
B) Farther from the point of attachment
C) Closer to the point of attachment
D) Toward the back
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- Proximal refers to a structure being closer to the trunk or point of origin. Distal
means farther away. Medial means toward the midline.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Closer to the point of attachment**
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**4.** Which organ system is responsible for hormone production and regulation of body processes?
A) Nervous system
B) Endocrine system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Respiratory system
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- The endocrine system produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth,
reproduction, and homeostasis.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Endocrine system**
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,**5.** Which type of tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands?
A) Connective tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Nervous tissue
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- Epithelial tissue functions in protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.
Connective tissue supports; muscle contracts; nervous conducts impulses.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Epithelial tissue**
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**6.** What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) ATP production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion
D) Digestion of cellular waste
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for
transport to other organelles or secretion.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion**
---
**7.** Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down damaged organelles?
A) Lysosome
, B) Ribosome
C) Peroxisome
D) Nucleus
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest worn‑out cells, foreign
particles, and bacteria.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **A) Lysosome**
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**8.** The process of cellular division that produces two identical daughter cells is called:
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Cytokinesis
D) Interphase
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosome number.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Mitosis**
---
**9.** Which type of tissue stores fat, provides insulation, and cushions organs?
A) Adipose tissue
B) Areolar tissue
C) Reticular tissue
D) Dense regular connective tissue
Guide with Questions and Rationales to Pass on Your First
Attempt – 100 Questions**
---
**1.** Which of the following is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body?
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Cell
D) System
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- The cell is the smallest independent unit of life that performs all vital functions.
Tissues are groups of cells, organs are groups of tissues, and systems are groups of organs.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Cell**
---
**2.** Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
A) Coronal plane
B) Sagittal plane
C) Midsagittal (median) plane
D) Transverse plane
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- The midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into equal left and right halves.
A sagittal plane divides into unequal left and right portions.
,ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Midsagittal (median) plane**
---
**3.** The term "proximal" means:
A) Closer to the midline
B) Farther from the point of attachment
C) Closer to the point of attachment
D) Toward the back
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- Proximal refers to a structure being closer to the trunk or point of origin. Distal
means farther away. Medial means toward the midline.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Closer to the point of attachment**
---
**4.** Which organ system is responsible for hormone production and regulation of body processes?
A) Nervous system
B) Endocrine system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Respiratory system
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- The endocrine system produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth,
reproduction, and homeostasis.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Endocrine system**
---
,**5.** Which type of tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands?
A) Connective tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Nervous tissue
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- Epithelial tissue functions in protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.
Connective tissue supports; muscle contracts; nervous conducts impulses.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Epithelial tissue**
---
**6.** What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) ATP production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion
D) Digestion of cellular waste
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for
transport to other organelles or secretion.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **C) Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion**
---
**7.** Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down damaged organelles?
A) Lysosome
, B) Ribosome
C) Peroxisome
D) Nucleus
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest worn‑out cells, foreign
particles, and bacteria.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **A) Lysosome**
---
**8.** The process of cellular division that produces two identical daughter cells is called:
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Cytokinesis
D) Interphase
🔍 **RATIONALE** 💡-- Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosome number.
ANSWER💫✔️-- **B) Mitosis**
---
**9.** Which type of tissue stores fat, provides insulation, and cushions organs?
A) Adipose tissue
B) Areolar tissue
C) Reticular tissue
D) Dense regular connective tissue
