ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS COMBINED
WRITTEN BOARDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
A complete lesion of the femoral nerve as it leaves the lumbar plexus affects what motion?
A. Knee extension
B. Hip adduction
C. Hip extension
D. Knee flexion
E. Ankle plantarflexion - correct answer -a. Knee extension
What is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus? - correct answer -the femoral nerve
What is the primary flexor of the hip? - correct answer -iliopsoas
Paralytic equinus during swing phase is often caused by injury to what nerve? - correct answer -
common peroneal nerve
Toe is in a down position, dorsiflexion limitation of the ankle - correct answer -equinus
deformity
What is a cycle of gait defined as? - correct answer -heel strike on one limb and a subsequent
heel strike on the ipsilateral side
Toe in or toe out is the relationship of the long axis of the foot to the:
A. Subtalar joint
B. Ankle joint axis
,C. Line of progression
D. Knee axis - correct answer -c. Line of progression
What joint do the motions of inversion and eversion occur primarily at? - correct answer -
subtalar joint
What bones make up the talocrural joint? - correct answer -talus, tibia, fibula
What motion occurs in the talocrural joint? - correct answer -dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Essentially a hinge type joint
What is the primary action of the medial ligament of the ankle? - correct answer -resist over-
eversion of the foot
What is the primary action of the lateral ligament of the ankle? - correct answer -resist over-
inversion of the foot
What muscles produce dorsiflexion of the ankle? - correct answer -tibialis anterior, extensor
hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
What muscles produce plantarflexion of the ankle? - correct answer -gastrocnemius, soleus,
plantaris and posterior tibialis
What bones form the subtalar joint? (aka talocalcaneal joint) - correct answer -talus and
calcaneus
What joints make up the midtarsal joint? - correct answer -talonavicular, calcaneocuboid
,What makes up the talonavicular joint? - correct answer -the anterior talar head and the
concavity on the navicular
What makes up the calcaneocuboid joint? - correct answer -the anterior facet of the calcaneus
and the posterior cuboid
What are the chopart joints? - correct answer -midtarsal joints (talonavicular and
calcaneocuboid)
What are the lisfranc joints? - correct answer -tarsometatarsal joints
What makes up the medial column of the tarsometatarsal joints? - correct answer -1st
metatarsal and medial cuneiform
What makes up the middle column of the tarsometatarsal joints? - correct answer -2nd and 3rd
metatarsal and intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
What makes up the lateral tarsometatarsal joints? - correct answer -4th and 5th metatarsals and
the cuboid
What motions are produced at the subtalar joint? - correct answer -inversion and eversion,
dorsiflexion an plantar flexion
What motions are produced at the midtarsal joint? - correct answer -inversion and eversion.
Flexion and extension
What motions are produced at the metatarsalphalangeal joints? - correct answer -flexion and
extension, abduction and adduction
, What motions are produced at the ip joints? - correct answer -flexion and extension
A complete lesion of the tibial nerve on one leg will result in what gait deviations?
A. Foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. Gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. Shortened step length on contralateral side - correct answer -d. Shortened step length on
contralateral side
What muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve? - correct answer -(posterior lower leg muscles)
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor
hallucis longus
What is the c3 myotome - correct answer -cervical lateral flexion
What is the c4 myotome - correct answer -shoulder elevation
What is the c5 myotome - correct answer -shoulder abduction
What is the c6 myotome - correct answer -elbow flexion, wrist extension
What is the c7 myotome - correct answer -elbow extension, wrist flexion
What is the c8 myotome - correct answer -thumb extension, finger flexion
What is the t1 myotome - correct answer -finger abduction and adduction
WRITTEN BOARDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
A complete lesion of the femoral nerve as it leaves the lumbar plexus affects what motion?
A. Knee extension
B. Hip adduction
C. Hip extension
D. Knee flexion
E. Ankle plantarflexion - correct answer -a. Knee extension
What is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus? - correct answer -the femoral nerve
What is the primary flexor of the hip? - correct answer -iliopsoas
Paralytic equinus during swing phase is often caused by injury to what nerve? - correct answer -
common peroneal nerve
Toe is in a down position, dorsiflexion limitation of the ankle - correct answer -equinus
deformity
What is a cycle of gait defined as? - correct answer -heel strike on one limb and a subsequent
heel strike on the ipsilateral side
Toe in or toe out is the relationship of the long axis of the foot to the:
A. Subtalar joint
B. Ankle joint axis
,C. Line of progression
D. Knee axis - correct answer -c. Line of progression
What joint do the motions of inversion and eversion occur primarily at? - correct answer -
subtalar joint
What bones make up the talocrural joint? - correct answer -talus, tibia, fibula
What motion occurs in the talocrural joint? - correct answer -dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Essentially a hinge type joint
What is the primary action of the medial ligament of the ankle? - correct answer -resist over-
eversion of the foot
What is the primary action of the lateral ligament of the ankle? - correct answer -resist over-
inversion of the foot
What muscles produce dorsiflexion of the ankle? - correct answer -tibialis anterior, extensor
hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
What muscles produce plantarflexion of the ankle? - correct answer -gastrocnemius, soleus,
plantaris and posterior tibialis
What bones form the subtalar joint? (aka talocalcaneal joint) - correct answer -talus and
calcaneus
What joints make up the midtarsal joint? - correct answer -talonavicular, calcaneocuboid
,What makes up the talonavicular joint? - correct answer -the anterior talar head and the
concavity on the navicular
What makes up the calcaneocuboid joint? - correct answer -the anterior facet of the calcaneus
and the posterior cuboid
What are the chopart joints? - correct answer -midtarsal joints (talonavicular and
calcaneocuboid)
What are the lisfranc joints? - correct answer -tarsometatarsal joints
What makes up the medial column of the tarsometatarsal joints? - correct answer -1st
metatarsal and medial cuneiform
What makes up the middle column of the tarsometatarsal joints? - correct answer -2nd and 3rd
metatarsal and intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
What makes up the lateral tarsometatarsal joints? - correct answer -4th and 5th metatarsals and
the cuboid
What motions are produced at the subtalar joint? - correct answer -inversion and eversion,
dorsiflexion an plantar flexion
What motions are produced at the midtarsal joint? - correct answer -inversion and eversion.
Flexion and extension
What motions are produced at the metatarsalphalangeal joints? - correct answer -flexion and
extension, abduction and adduction
, What motions are produced at the ip joints? - correct answer -flexion and extension
A complete lesion of the tibial nerve on one leg will result in what gait deviations?
A. Foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. Gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. Shortened step length on contralateral side - correct answer -d. Shortened step length on
contralateral side
What muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve? - correct answer -(posterior lower leg muscles)
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor
hallucis longus
What is the c3 myotome - correct answer -cervical lateral flexion
What is the c4 myotome - correct answer -shoulder elevation
What is the c5 myotome - correct answer -shoulder abduction
What is the c6 myotome - correct answer -elbow flexion, wrist extension
What is the c7 myotome - correct answer -elbow extension, wrist flexion
What is the c8 myotome - correct answer -thumb extension, finger flexion
What is the t1 myotome - correct answer -finger abduction and adduction
