PROSTHETIC WRITTEN SIMULATION ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
K1 Prosthetic Feet
SACH foot
K2 Prosthetic Feet
-SAFE Foot / Flexible Keel
-Single Axis Foot
-Multi Axial Foot
K3 Prosthetic Feet
-Dynamic Response / Energy Storing
-Flex foot system
-Hydraulic Ankles
-Microprocessor feet
SACH Foot
-solid ankle cushion heel
-simplest design
-cushion on heel compresses at heel strike, rigid keel allows for stability at
midstance, and flexible forefoot provides roll over
SAFE Foot / Flexible Keel
-Stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton
-flexible internal keel permits triplanar movement and easy roll over
-flexible keel feet have a smooth and easier roll over compared to SACH and single
axis
-limited push off
Single Axis Foot
,-PF/DF only
-Bumpers can change foot response (add bumpers anterior to resist DF, add
bumpers posterior to resist PF)
-Bumpers can also be made soft/stiff
-Will enhance knee stability in early stance
-Increased weight & maintenance
-Abrupt DF stop will increase knee hyperextension
Multi Axial Foot
-PF/DF, Inversion/Eversion, IR/ER
-Accommodated uneven terrain
-reduces stress on skin and prosthesis, enhances dynamic balance during gait
-increased weight
Dynamic Response / Energy Storing Foot
-absorbs energy during midstance / terminal stance, releases energy at toeoff
Flex Foot System
-return energy absorbed in early stance as additional push-off during late stance
-increased push off, may reduce energetic cost of walking, may reduce sound limb
loading
Hydraulic Ankles / Microprocessor Feet
-increased toe clearance
-walking speed increase
-improved gait patterns
-reduce socket pressures
-no need for compensation
-increased weight
Single Axis Prosthetic Knee
-simulates simple hinge
-allows shin to swing freely in flexion and extension
, -stance phase stability through positioning of knee behind the weight line and
volitional muscle control
-light weight, durable, low maintenance
-no inherent mechanical stability
-not appropriate for those with short limbs
-good for those with long residuums who can voluntarily stabilize knee through
active hip extension against the posterior wall of the prosthesis
Polycentric Prosthetic Knee
-has moving center of rotation
-flexes during swing
-creates relative "shortening" of distal prosthesis (increases toe clearance, allows
shin to tuck under thigh when sitting)
-inherent stance phase stability
-poor durability
Weight Activated Stance Control Knee Units
-has braking mechanism that is activated when weight is applied during stance
(intent is to prevent or reduce unwanted knee flexion during stance)
-if IC made when knee is not completely extended, the Braking mechanism
provides additional stability
-during swing functions as single axis knee
-good for recent amputees, short residuums, those with weak hip extensors
Manual Locking knee
-for patients who must rely on mechanical stability in stance
-basically a single axis knee with the addition of a locking pin
-used by those who walk with the knee locked in extension
-can manually unlock
-often used in training when balance, endurance, or cooperation may be a
problem
Hydraulic Prosthetic Knees
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
K1 Prosthetic Feet
SACH foot
K2 Prosthetic Feet
-SAFE Foot / Flexible Keel
-Single Axis Foot
-Multi Axial Foot
K3 Prosthetic Feet
-Dynamic Response / Energy Storing
-Flex foot system
-Hydraulic Ankles
-Microprocessor feet
SACH Foot
-solid ankle cushion heel
-simplest design
-cushion on heel compresses at heel strike, rigid keel allows for stability at
midstance, and flexible forefoot provides roll over
SAFE Foot / Flexible Keel
-Stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton
-flexible internal keel permits triplanar movement and easy roll over
-flexible keel feet have a smooth and easier roll over compared to SACH and single
axis
-limited push off
Single Axis Foot
,-PF/DF only
-Bumpers can change foot response (add bumpers anterior to resist DF, add
bumpers posterior to resist PF)
-Bumpers can also be made soft/stiff
-Will enhance knee stability in early stance
-Increased weight & maintenance
-Abrupt DF stop will increase knee hyperextension
Multi Axial Foot
-PF/DF, Inversion/Eversion, IR/ER
-Accommodated uneven terrain
-reduces stress on skin and prosthesis, enhances dynamic balance during gait
-increased weight
Dynamic Response / Energy Storing Foot
-absorbs energy during midstance / terminal stance, releases energy at toeoff
Flex Foot System
-return energy absorbed in early stance as additional push-off during late stance
-increased push off, may reduce energetic cost of walking, may reduce sound limb
loading
Hydraulic Ankles / Microprocessor Feet
-increased toe clearance
-walking speed increase
-improved gait patterns
-reduce socket pressures
-no need for compensation
-increased weight
Single Axis Prosthetic Knee
-simulates simple hinge
-allows shin to swing freely in flexion and extension
, -stance phase stability through positioning of knee behind the weight line and
volitional muscle control
-light weight, durable, low maintenance
-no inherent mechanical stability
-not appropriate for those with short limbs
-good for those with long residuums who can voluntarily stabilize knee through
active hip extension against the posterior wall of the prosthesis
Polycentric Prosthetic Knee
-has moving center of rotation
-flexes during swing
-creates relative "shortening" of distal prosthesis (increases toe clearance, allows
shin to tuck under thigh when sitting)
-inherent stance phase stability
-poor durability
Weight Activated Stance Control Knee Units
-has braking mechanism that is activated when weight is applied during stance
(intent is to prevent or reduce unwanted knee flexion during stance)
-if IC made when knee is not completely extended, the Braking mechanism
provides additional stability
-during swing functions as single axis knee
-good for recent amputees, short residuums, those with weak hip extensors
Manual Locking knee
-for patients who must rely on mechanical stability in stance
-basically a single axis knee with the addition of a locking pin
-used by those who walk with the knee locked in extension
-can manually unlock
-often used in training when balance, endurance, or cooperation may be a
problem
Hydraulic Prosthetic Knees
