ABC O&P COMBINED WRITTEN ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026/2027
Maximum dorsiflexion occurs during which phase of gait?
a. Initial contact
b. Mid-swing
c. Terminal stance
d. Push off
c. Terminal stance
Throughout terminal stance the ankle and foot are the critical sites of action. At the onset of
heel rise the ankle drops into the maximum dorsiflexion (10 degrees) occurring in stance.
A single gait cycle is defined as the activity that occurs from:
a. Heel strike on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
b. Double limb support on one side to double limb support on the contralateral side
c. Heel off on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
d. Heel off on one side to heel strike on the contralateral side
a. Heel strike on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
ipsilateral = same side
During which phase of gait are the hip extensors most active?
a. Loading response
b. Midstance
c. Pre-swing
d. Terminal stance
a. Loading response
Slows progression of limb and prevents knee from moving into flexion
,Which muscle most closely duplicates the function of the tibialis anterior?
a. Tibialis posterior
b. Peroneus longus
c. Extensor hallucis longus
d. Extensor digitorum longus
c. Extensor hallucis longus
The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes and inverts the foot. The EHL also dorsiflexes and inverts the
foots as well as extends the hallux.
Which of the following is often the result of an irregular birth?
a. Gower's sign
b. Down syndrome
c. Erb's palsy
d. Spina bifida
c. Erb's palsy
Gower's sign is a maneuver. Down syndrome is chromosomal. Spina bifida occurs during the first
month of pregnancy. Erb's palsy occurs from traumatic force downward on the upper arm and
shoulder during birth.
Which of the following is inflammation of the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord?
a. Cerebral palsy
b. Meningitis
c. Multiple sclerosis
d. Pleuritis
b. Meningitis
Meningitis is a bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
usually causes the swelling.
What is the primary target organ in rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Bone
b. Collagen
, c. Ligament
d. Cartilage
d. Cartilage
What is the lubricant filled sac which, if removed, results in increased friction?
a. Bursa
b. Synovium
c. Ganglia
d. Nucleus Pulposis
a. Bursa
What is the superior margin of the paraspinal bars on a Taylor TLSO?
a. L1
b. Spine of the scapula
c. Inferior angle of the scapula
d. Superior angle of the scapula
b. Spine of the scapula
Prescribed for counteracting kyphosis and produces extension in the sagittal plane.
A patient presents to your office with bossing of the right posterior cranium and flattening of
the left posterior cranium. How would you classify this?
a. Right posterior brachycephaly
b. Right posterior plagiocephaly
c. Left posterior brachycephaly
d. Left posterior plagiocephaly
d. Left posterior plagiocephaly
Which pathology is most likely to be fit with free knee joints?
a. L2 spinal cord injury
b. Damage to the femoral nerve
c. Moderate knee flexion contracture
d. Genu varum deformity
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026/2027
Maximum dorsiflexion occurs during which phase of gait?
a. Initial contact
b. Mid-swing
c. Terminal stance
d. Push off
c. Terminal stance
Throughout terminal stance the ankle and foot are the critical sites of action. At the onset of
heel rise the ankle drops into the maximum dorsiflexion (10 degrees) occurring in stance.
A single gait cycle is defined as the activity that occurs from:
a. Heel strike on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
b. Double limb support on one side to double limb support on the contralateral side
c. Heel off on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
d. Heel off on one side to heel strike on the contralateral side
a. Heel strike on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
ipsilateral = same side
During which phase of gait are the hip extensors most active?
a. Loading response
b. Midstance
c. Pre-swing
d. Terminal stance
a. Loading response
Slows progression of limb and prevents knee from moving into flexion
,Which muscle most closely duplicates the function of the tibialis anterior?
a. Tibialis posterior
b. Peroneus longus
c. Extensor hallucis longus
d. Extensor digitorum longus
c. Extensor hallucis longus
The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes and inverts the foot. The EHL also dorsiflexes and inverts the
foots as well as extends the hallux.
Which of the following is often the result of an irregular birth?
a. Gower's sign
b. Down syndrome
c. Erb's palsy
d. Spina bifida
c. Erb's palsy
Gower's sign is a maneuver. Down syndrome is chromosomal. Spina bifida occurs during the first
month of pregnancy. Erb's palsy occurs from traumatic force downward on the upper arm and
shoulder during birth.
Which of the following is inflammation of the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord?
a. Cerebral palsy
b. Meningitis
c. Multiple sclerosis
d. Pleuritis
b. Meningitis
Meningitis is a bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
usually causes the swelling.
What is the primary target organ in rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Bone
b. Collagen
, c. Ligament
d. Cartilage
d. Cartilage
What is the lubricant filled sac which, if removed, results in increased friction?
a. Bursa
b. Synovium
c. Ganglia
d. Nucleus Pulposis
a. Bursa
What is the superior margin of the paraspinal bars on a Taylor TLSO?
a. L1
b. Spine of the scapula
c. Inferior angle of the scapula
d. Superior angle of the scapula
b. Spine of the scapula
Prescribed for counteracting kyphosis and produces extension in the sagittal plane.
A patient presents to your office with bossing of the right posterior cranium and flattening of
the left posterior cranium. How would you classify this?
a. Right posterior brachycephaly
b. Right posterior plagiocephaly
c. Left posterior brachycephaly
d. Left posterior plagiocephaly
d. Left posterior plagiocephaly
Which pathology is most likely to be fit with free knee joints?
a. L2 spinal cord injury
b. Damage to the femoral nerve
c. Moderate knee flexion contracture
d. Genu varum deformity
