NR507 Midterm Exam NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Advanced
Pathophys iology Midterm Exam Latest Chamberlain College Of
Nursing(VERSION A)
1. Hypersensitivity Type 1: Type 1: Allergic Reaction
Mediated by IgE
Inflammation due to mast cell
degranulation local symptoms:
Itching, rash Systemic symptoms:
wheezing
Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-systemic hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction Main treatment: epinephrine
2. Hypersensitivity Type 2: Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe transfusion reaction
occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-
mediated lysis
3. Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference: Type 2: Organ-specific, the antibody binds
to an antigen on the cell surface
Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface
that was released into the blood or body fluids and then the complex is distributed into
tissues
4. Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples: Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/antibodies are
deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
5. Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune response: rash
confined to cheeks (malar rash) discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly) photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal
ulcers hematologic
disorders
1/9
, NR507 Midterm Exam NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Advanced
Pathophys iology Midterm Exam Latest Chamberlain College Of
Nursing(VERSION A)
immunologic
disorders non-erosive
arthritis serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
6. Autoimmunity: Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members may have other
disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions that include
autoimmune or allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
7. Alloimmunity: When an individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the
tissues of other members of the same species
Examples: neonatal dz where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against
antigens expressed by the fetus, transplant rejection, transfusion reaction
8. Hypersensitivity Type 4: delayed response
does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
like Type 1 T-cell mediated
9. Relationship between Type 2 and type 4 Hypersensisivity: Organ rejection involves
cytotoxicity (type 2)
T-cells play a major role in organ rejection (Type 4- T-cell mediated)
Antigens from target cells stimulate T-cells to differentiate into cytotoxic (type 2) T-cells
These T-cells have direct cytotoxic activity along with help T-cells involved in delayed
hypersensitivity (type 4)
10. Difference between Type 1 and Type 4 Rash: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity
reactions, termed atopic dermatitis are characterized by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site
of contact with the allergen Key determinant is timing of rash:
2/9
Pathophys iology Midterm Exam Latest Chamberlain College Of
Nursing(VERSION A)
1. Hypersensitivity Type 1: Type 1: Allergic Reaction
Mediated by IgE
Inflammation due to mast cell
degranulation local symptoms:
Itching, rash Systemic symptoms:
wheezing
Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-systemic hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction Main treatment: epinephrine
2. Hypersensitivity Type 2: Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe transfusion reaction
occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-
mediated lysis
3. Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference: Type 2: Organ-specific, the antibody binds
to an antigen on the cell surface
Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface
that was released into the blood or body fluids and then the complex is distributed into
tissues
4. Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples: Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/antibodies are
deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
5. Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune response: rash
confined to cheeks (malar rash) discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly) photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal
ulcers hematologic
disorders
1/9
, NR507 Midterm Exam NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Advanced
Pathophys iology Midterm Exam Latest Chamberlain College Of
Nursing(VERSION A)
immunologic
disorders non-erosive
arthritis serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
6. Autoimmunity: Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members may have other
disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions that include
autoimmune or allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
7. Alloimmunity: When an individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the
tissues of other members of the same species
Examples: neonatal dz where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against
antigens expressed by the fetus, transplant rejection, transfusion reaction
8. Hypersensitivity Type 4: delayed response
does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
like Type 1 T-cell mediated
9. Relationship between Type 2 and type 4 Hypersensisivity: Organ rejection involves
cytotoxicity (type 2)
T-cells play a major role in organ rejection (Type 4- T-cell mediated)
Antigens from target cells stimulate T-cells to differentiate into cytotoxic (type 2) T-cells
These T-cells have direct cytotoxic activity along with help T-cells involved in delayed
hypersensitivity (type 4)
10. Difference between Type 1 and Type 4 Rash: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity
reactions, termed atopic dermatitis are characterized by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site
of contact with the allergen Key determinant is timing of rash:
2/9
