Maryville NURS 611 Pathophysiology Exam 1 | Questions
& Answers | Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | Graded
A+
1. Lysosomes function to
add short-chain carbohydrates to make glycoproteins
remove electrons and hydrogen atoms from hydrogen peroxide
break down organelles, proteins, and nucleic acids
carry proteins to the surface of the cell
2. What is a key factor that contributes to the initiation and progression of
disease according to the text?
Apoptosis
Free radicals
Electrolytes
Mitochondria
3. What gene is commonly associated with hereditary breast cancer and
accounts for about 5% of cases?
EGFR
BRCA1
TP53
HER2
4. What is the definition of metaplasia?
, Uncontrolled new growth
Increase in cell number
A congenital malformation
Change in one adult cell type to another adult cell type
A tumour of totipotent cells
5. At what age do symptoms of Huntington's Disease typically begin to appear?
20-30 years old
Under age 20
Over age 60
30-50 years old
6. Describe how genetic diseases typically manifest in individuals.
Genetic diseases only affect older adults.
Genetic diseases typically manifest through inherited traits that
affect physiological functions.
Genetic diseases are always caused by environmental factors.
Genetic diseases are exclusively caused by lifestyle choices.
7. By the name, "ionizing" radiation is radiation that is likely to:
Hit an atom and cause the ejection of an electron or the breaking of
a chemical bond
Hit an atomic nucleus and spontaneously generate a new neutron
Hit an atom and shatter it into a mist of individual subatomic particles
Hit an atomic nucleus and cause a proton to change into a neutron
,8. The prevalence of a given disease in the population is dependent upon:
incident cases of the disease
resolution of the disease due to recovery
resolution of the disease due to death
all of the above
9. Describe how incomplete penetrance can affect the expression of genetic
traits in a population.
It causes all individuals with a specific genotype to develop the same
phenotype.
It ensures that all individuals with a mutation will express the same
symptoms.
Incomplete penetrance can lead to variability in the expression of
genetic traits, meaning some individuals may carry a mutation but
not show any symptoms.
It results in a higher frequency of genetic disorders in the population.
10. What primarily influences oncotic pressure in the body?
Proteins, particularly albumin
Water content
Cellular metabolism
Electrolytes
11. Ribosomes are composed of:
Both RNA and protein.
Proteins.
RNA.
, 12. In a patient with liver cirrhosis, how might low plasma albumin levels manifest
clinically, and what treatment options could be considered?
The patient may exhibit edema and ascites, and treatment options
could include diuretics and albumin infusions.
The patient may show signs of dehydration, and treatment would
involve increasing fluid intake only.
The patient may have increased energy levels, and treatment would
involve dietary changes.
The patient may experience hypertension, and treatment would focus
solely on blood pressure medications.
13. What is a common autosomal dominant disease that exhibits variable
expressivity?
Sickle cell anemia
Hemophilia
Cystic fibrosis
Marfan syndrome
14. What is the definition of oncotic pressure in the context of cellular
physiology?
Oncotic pressure is the pressure exerted by proteins in a blood
vessel's plasma that tends to pull water into the circulatory system.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure resulting from the diffusion of
glucose into cells.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure created by the movement of ions
across a cell membrane.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure that causes the rupture of cell
membranes.
& Answers | Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | Graded
A+
1. Lysosomes function to
add short-chain carbohydrates to make glycoproteins
remove electrons and hydrogen atoms from hydrogen peroxide
break down organelles, proteins, and nucleic acids
carry proteins to the surface of the cell
2. What is a key factor that contributes to the initiation and progression of
disease according to the text?
Apoptosis
Free radicals
Electrolytes
Mitochondria
3. What gene is commonly associated with hereditary breast cancer and
accounts for about 5% of cases?
EGFR
BRCA1
TP53
HER2
4. What is the definition of metaplasia?
, Uncontrolled new growth
Increase in cell number
A congenital malformation
Change in one adult cell type to another adult cell type
A tumour of totipotent cells
5. At what age do symptoms of Huntington's Disease typically begin to appear?
20-30 years old
Under age 20
Over age 60
30-50 years old
6. Describe how genetic diseases typically manifest in individuals.
Genetic diseases only affect older adults.
Genetic diseases typically manifest through inherited traits that
affect physiological functions.
Genetic diseases are always caused by environmental factors.
Genetic diseases are exclusively caused by lifestyle choices.
7. By the name, "ionizing" radiation is radiation that is likely to:
Hit an atom and cause the ejection of an electron or the breaking of
a chemical bond
Hit an atomic nucleus and spontaneously generate a new neutron
Hit an atom and shatter it into a mist of individual subatomic particles
Hit an atomic nucleus and cause a proton to change into a neutron
,8. The prevalence of a given disease in the population is dependent upon:
incident cases of the disease
resolution of the disease due to recovery
resolution of the disease due to death
all of the above
9. Describe how incomplete penetrance can affect the expression of genetic
traits in a population.
It causes all individuals with a specific genotype to develop the same
phenotype.
It ensures that all individuals with a mutation will express the same
symptoms.
Incomplete penetrance can lead to variability in the expression of
genetic traits, meaning some individuals may carry a mutation but
not show any symptoms.
It results in a higher frequency of genetic disorders in the population.
10. What primarily influences oncotic pressure in the body?
Proteins, particularly albumin
Water content
Cellular metabolism
Electrolytes
11. Ribosomes are composed of:
Both RNA and protein.
Proteins.
RNA.
, 12. In a patient with liver cirrhosis, how might low plasma albumin levels manifest
clinically, and what treatment options could be considered?
The patient may exhibit edema and ascites, and treatment options
could include diuretics and albumin infusions.
The patient may show signs of dehydration, and treatment would
involve increasing fluid intake only.
The patient may have increased energy levels, and treatment would
involve dietary changes.
The patient may experience hypertension, and treatment would focus
solely on blood pressure medications.
13. What is a common autosomal dominant disease that exhibits variable
expressivity?
Sickle cell anemia
Hemophilia
Cystic fibrosis
Marfan syndrome
14. What is the definition of oncotic pressure in the context of cellular
physiology?
Oncotic pressure is the pressure exerted by proteins in a blood
vessel's plasma that tends to pull water into the circulatory system.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure resulting from the diffusion of
glucose into cells.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure created by the movement of ions
across a cell membrane.
Oncotic pressure is the pressure that causes the rupture of cell
membranes.
