,
,MIDTERM EXAM: NUR631 / NUR 631 (LATEST
UPDATE) ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A - GCU
Cellular Biology & Cell Physiology (Questions 1–12)
### Q1. The control center of the cell that directs the cell's activities, contains DNA, and
regulates gene expression is the:
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleolus
C. Nucleus
D. Golgi apparatus
**Correct Answer: C. Nucleus**
**Rationale:** The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains the cell's genetic
material (DNA) and directs all cellular activities by regulating gene expression. The nucleolus is a
structure *within* the nucleus responsible for ribosome synthesis; mitochondria are the
"powerhouses" for ATP production; and the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins.
---
### Q2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP (energy) production through oxidative
phosphorylation?
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
, **Correct Answer: C. Mitochondria**
**Rationale:** Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because they are the
site of cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, producing ATP as the cell's primary
energy source. Ribosomes synthesize proteins; lysosomes digest waste; and smooth ER is
involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.
---
### Q3. The organelle that contains DNA and RNA and is responsible for growth and
reproduction is the:
A. Nucleus
B. Cytoplasm
C. Cell membrane
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
**Correct Answer: A. Nucleus**
**Rationale:** The nucleus is the membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's genetic
material (DNA) and is responsible for controlling growth, reproduction, and all cellular functions
through gene expression. The cytoplasm is the fluid that suspends organelles; the cell
membrane regulates transport; and rough ER is involved in protein synthesis.
---
### Q4. Which cellular structure is described as a thin polar membrane made of two layers of
lipid molecules that stops water-soluble molecules from crossing?
A. Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
B. Nuclear envelope
,MIDTERM EXAM: NUR631 / NUR 631 (LATEST
UPDATE) ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A - GCU
Cellular Biology & Cell Physiology (Questions 1–12)
### Q1. The control center of the cell that directs the cell's activities, contains DNA, and
regulates gene expression is the:
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleolus
C. Nucleus
D. Golgi apparatus
**Correct Answer: C. Nucleus**
**Rationale:** The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains the cell's genetic
material (DNA) and directs all cellular activities by regulating gene expression. The nucleolus is a
structure *within* the nucleus responsible for ribosome synthesis; mitochondria are the
"powerhouses" for ATP production; and the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins.
---
### Q2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP (energy) production through oxidative
phosphorylation?
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
, **Correct Answer: C. Mitochondria**
**Rationale:** Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because they are the
site of cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, producing ATP as the cell's primary
energy source. Ribosomes synthesize proteins; lysosomes digest waste; and smooth ER is
involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.
---
### Q3. The organelle that contains DNA and RNA and is responsible for growth and
reproduction is the:
A. Nucleus
B. Cytoplasm
C. Cell membrane
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
**Correct Answer: A. Nucleus**
**Rationale:** The nucleus is the membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's genetic
material (DNA) and is responsible for controlling growth, reproduction, and all cellular functions
through gene expression. The cytoplasm is the fluid that suspends organelles; the cell
membrane regulates transport; and rough ER is involved in protein synthesis.
---
### Q4. Which cellular structure is described as a thin polar membrane made of two layers of
lipid molecules that stops water-soluble molecules from crossing?
A. Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
B. Nuclear envelope
