Maryville Pathophysiology NURS 611 Exam 1
Complete Review 2026 | High-Yield Content
1. What is the normal range for calcium levels in the blood?
5.5-7.0 mg/dL
10-12 mg/dL
8.5-10 mg/dL
7.0-8.5 mg/dL
2. What is the plasma pH level typically observed in respiratory acidosis?
Increased plasma pH
Variable plasma pH
Decreased plasma pH
Normal plasma pH
3. What is the term used to describe a broad category of tumors that originate
from glial cells in the CNS?
Meningioma
Brain metastases
Astrocytoma
Glioma
4. Describe how ischemia affects cellular metabolism in the context of chronic
heart failure.
Ischemia has no effect on heart cell metabolism.
, Ischemia leads to metabolic changes in heart cells, contributing to
the ineffective pumping of the heart.
Ischemia improves oxygen delivery to heart cells, enhancing their
function.
Ischemia only affects the electrical activity of the heart.
5. What pump's failure is primarily responsible for cellular swelling due to ATP
depletion?
H+ pump
Ca2+ pump
Cl- pump
Na+, K+ pump
6. If a patient presents with respiratory acidosis and their lab results show an
increased HCO3 level, what does this indicate about their condition?
It indicates that the patient has metabolic acidosis.
It indicates that the patient is experiencing respiratory alkalosis.
It indicates that the patient is in a compensated state.
It indicates that the patient is in an uncompensated state.
7. The physiological mechanism responsible for alcohol induced fatty liver
Alcohol causes increased fat adsorption into liver cells
Alcohol interferes with the export of fat from liver cells
Preferential metabolism of alcohol impairs fat metabolism
Alcohol is metabolized into excessive fat in the liver
,8. If a 45-year-old individual begins to show symptoms of uncontrollable limb
movements and cognitive decline, what condition might they be
experiencing?
Parkinson's Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Huntington Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
9. Describe how free radicals contribute to the development of cardiovascular
disorders.
Free radicals are beneficial for cellular repair and do not contribute to
diseases.
Free radicals only affect the nervous system and have no impact on
cardiovascular health.
Free radicals can cause injurious chemical bond formation, leading
to damage in cells and tissues that contribute to cardiovascular
disorders.
Free radicals enhance the immune response, preventing
cardiovascular disorders.
10. Describe the significance of maintaining calcium levels within the normal
range in the blood.
Maintaining calcium levels within the normal range is crucial for
bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
Calcium levels only affect muscle function.
Calcium levels are only important for blood clotting.
Calcium levels are irrelevant to bodily functions.
, 11. Describe how malabsorption syndromes can lead to hypomagnesemia.
Malabsorption syndromes cause excessive magnesium intake.
Malabsorption syndromes can prevent the proper absorption of
magnesium from the diet, leading to low magnesium levels in the
body.
Malabsorption syndromes increase magnesium excretion in urine.
Malabsorption syndromes have no effect on magnesium levels.
12. What is one of the electrolyte imbalances associated with
hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyponatremia
13. In a scenario where a patient has reduced physical activity due to illness,
which cellular adaptation might occur in their muscles?
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Atrophy
Hyperplasia
14. What are the names of the three hormones involved in regulating calcium
and phosphate balance?
Estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin
Complete Review 2026 | High-Yield Content
1. What is the normal range for calcium levels in the blood?
5.5-7.0 mg/dL
10-12 mg/dL
8.5-10 mg/dL
7.0-8.5 mg/dL
2. What is the plasma pH level typically observed in respiratory acidosis?
Increased plasma pH
Variable plasma pH
Decreased plasma pH
Normal plasma pH
3. What is the term used to describe a broad category of tumors that originate
from glial cells in the CNS?
Meningioma
Brain metastases
Astrocytoma
Glioma
4. Describe how ischemia affects cellular metabolism in the context of chronic
heart failure.
Ischemia has no effect on heart cell metabolism.
, Ischemia leads to metabolic changes in heart cells, contributing to
the ineffective pumping of the heart.
Ischemia improves oxygen delivery to heart cells, enhancing their
function.
Ischemia only affects the electrical activity of the heart.
5. What pump's failure is primarily responsible for cellular swelling due to ATP
depletion?
H+ pump
Ca2+ pump
Cl- pump
Na+, K+ pump
6. If a patient presents with respiratory acidosis and their lab results show an
increased HCO3 level, what does this indicate about their condition?
It indicates that the patient has metabolic acidosis.
It indicates that the patient is experiencing respiratory alkalosis.
It indicates that the patient is in a compensated state.
It indicates that the patient is in an uncompensated state.
7. The physiological mechanism responsible for alcohol induced fatty liver
Alcohol causes increased fat adsorption into liver cells
Alcohol interferes with the export of fat from liver cells
Preferential metabolism of alcohol impairs fat metabolism
Alcohol is metabolized into excessive fat in the liver
,8. If a 45-year-old individual begins to show symptoms of uncontrollable limb
movements and cognitive decline, what condition might they be
experiencing?
Parkinson's Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Huntington Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
9. Describe how free radicals contribute to the development of cardiovascular
disorders.
Free radicals are beneficial for cellular repair and do not contribute to
diseases.
Free radicals only affect the nervous system and have no impact on
cardiovascular health.
Free radicals can cause injurious chemical bond formation, leading
to damage in cells and tissues that contribute to cardiovascular
disorders.
Free radicals enhance the immune response, preventing
cardiovascular disorders.
10. Describe the significance of maintaining calcium levels within the normal
range in the blood.
Maintaining calcium levels within the normal range is crucial for
bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
Calcium levels only affect muscle function.
Calcium levels are only important for blood clotting.
Calcium levels are irrelevant to bodily functions.
, 11. Describe how malabsorption syndromes can lead to hypomagnesemia.
Malabsorption syndromes cause excessive magnesium intake.
Malabsorption syndromes can prevent the proper absorption of
magnesium from the diet, leading to low magnesium levels in the
body.
Malabsorption syndromes increase magnesium excretion in urine.
Malabsorption syndromes have no effect on magnesium levels.
12. What is one of the electrolyte imbalances associated with
hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyponatremia
13. In a scenario where a patient has reduced physical activity due to illness,
which cellular adaptation might occur in their muscles?
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Atrophy
Hyperplasia
14. What are the names of the three hormones involved in regulating calcium
and phosphate balance?
Estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin
