Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
The GI system's main jobs - ANSWER ✔✔- Digestion
- Absorption
- Elimination
Peristalsis - ANSWER ✔✔Movment
Acid (HCl) - ANSWER ✔✔Digestion but also damage risk
Mucus - ANSWER ✔✔Protection
,Balance - ANSWER ✔✔acid vs protection → ulcers happen when
this is disrupted
Upper GI - ANSWER ✔✔Mouth → esophagus → stomach
Upper GI function - ANSWER ✔✔Ingestion + early digestion
Middle Gi - ANSWER ✔✔- liver
- Pancrease
- gallbladder
- small intestine
Middle GI function - ANSWER ✔✔Digestion + absorption
Lower GI - ANSWER ✔✔Colon → rectum → anus
Lower GI function - ANSWER ✔✔water absorption + waste removal
stomach histology = key cells - ANSWER ✔✔- parietal = HCL +
intrinsic factor
- Chief cells → pepsinogen → pepsin (with HCl)
Stomach protection system - ANSWER ✔✔thick mucus layer
prevents self-digestion
,stomach key ideas - ANSWER ✔✔Ulcers happen when acid
overwhelms protection
Peptic ulcer disease - ANSWER ✔✔Breakdown of stomach/duodenal
lining → inflammation + ulcer
Cause fo peptic ulcer disease - ANSWER ✔✔- H. pylori infection
- NSAIDs / aspirin
Why NSAIDs cause ulcers - ANSWER ✔✔Block prostaglandins → ↓
mucus → ↑ acid damage
Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease - ANSWER ✔✔- Stress
- Smoking
- Caffeine
- Type O blood
- Medications (NSAIDs, steroids)
Symptoms of peptic ulcers - ANSWER ✔✔- burning/gnawing pain
- nausea/vomiting
- bleeding
Gastric Ulcer - ANSWER ✔✔- NSAIDS
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, - Women
- cancer risk
Duodenal Ulcer - ANSWER ✔✔- H. pylori
- Men
- Less cancer risk
GERD - ANSWER ✔✔Lower esophageal sphincter fails to close →
acid moves up
GERD symptoms - ANSWER ✔✔- heartburn
- regurgitation
- chronic cough
GERD complication - ANSWER ✔✔Barrett's esophagus → cancer
risk
Proton Pump Inhibitors mechanism - ANSWER ✔✔block acid
production at the source
PPI key drugs - ANSWER ✔✔- omeprazole
- pantoprazole
- esomeprazole